神经元电压门控钙通道：结构、功能与功能障碍。

Neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels: structure, function, and dysfunction.

机构信息

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.

出版信息

Neuron. 2014 Apr 2;82(1):24-45. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.03.016.

DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.03.016

PMID:24698266

Abstract

Voltage-gated calcium channels are the primary mediators of depolarization-induced calcium entry into neurons. There is great diversity of calcium channel subtypes due to multiple genes that encode calcium channel α1 subunits, coassembly with a variety of ancillary calcium channel subunits, and alternative splicing. This allows these channels to fulfill highly specialized roles in specific neuronal subtypes and at particular subcellular loci. While calcium channels are of critical importance to brain function, their inappropriate expression or dysfunction gives rise to a variety of neurological disorders, including, pain, epilepsy, migraine, and ataxia. This Review discusses salient aspects of voltage-gated calcium channel function, physiology, and pathophysiology.

摘要

电压门控钙通道是去极化诱导钙进入神经元的主要介质。由于多个基因编码钙通道α1 亚基，与多种辅助钙通道亚基共组装，以及选择性剪接，钙通道亚型具有很大的多样性。这使得这些通道在特定的神经元亚型和特定的亚细胞位置中发挥高度专业化的作用。尽管钙通道对大脑功能至关重要，但它们的表达不当或功能障碍会导致多种神经紊乱，包括疼痛、癫痫、偏头痛和共济失调。这篇综述讨论了电压门控钙通道的功能、生理学和病理生理学的显著方面。