[Targeting and role of α4β7 integrin in the pathophysiology of IBD and HIV infection].

Integrins are a large family of heterodimeric cell adhesion molecules that are key regulators in multiple biological functions. They orchestrate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesive interactions from embryonic development to mature tissue function, and are thus involved in cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. As such, they are also involved in human diseases, such as thrombotic diseases, inflammation, cancer, fibrosis and infectious diseases. Integrins are exciting pharmacological targets because they are exposed on the cell surface. Indeed, several compounds have been developed that block integrins function, and five have been approved as therapeutic drugs for use in clinic. This review will detail the role of α4β7, an integrin of particular relevance for mucosal diseases such as IBD (inflammatory bowel disease) and also, as reported more recently, HIV infection.