客观测量的体力活动和久坐时间与中年人体成分和心肺功能适应性的横断面关联：PANIC 研究。
Cross-Sectional Associations of Objectively-Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Mid-Childhood: The PANIC Study.
机构信息
PA Programme, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
出版信息
Sports Med. 2017 Apr;47(4):769-780. doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0606-x.
BACKGROUND
The minimum intensity of physical activity (PA) that is associated with favourable body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) remains unknown.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate cross-sectional associations of PA and sedentary time (ST) with body composition and CRF in mid-childhood.
METHODS
PA, ST, body composition and CRF were measured in a population-based sample of 410 children (aged 7.6 ± 0.4 years). Combined heart-rate and movement sensing provided estimates of PA energy expenditure (PAEE, kJ/kg/day) and time (min/day) at multiple fine-grained metabolic equivalent (MET) levels, which were also collapsed to ST and light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA) and vigorous PA (VPA). Fat mass index (FMI, kg/m), trunk fat mass index (TFMI, kg/m) and fat-free mass index (FFMI, kg/m) were derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Maximal workload from a cycle ergometer test provided a measure of CRF (W/kg FFM). Linear regression and isotemporal substitution models were used to investigate associations.
RESULTS
The cumulative time above 2 METs (221 J/min/kg) was inversely associated with FMI and TFMI in both sexes (p < 0.001) whereas time spent above 3 METs was positively associated with CRF (p ≤ 0.002); CRF increased and adiposity decreased dose-dependently with increasing MET levels. ST was positively associated with FMI and TFMI (p < 0.001) but there were inverse associations between all PA categories (including LPA) and adiposity (p ≤ 0.002); the magnitude of these associations depended on the activity being displaced in isotemporal substitution models but were consistently stronger for VPA. PAEE, MPA and to a greater extent VPA, were all positively related to CRF (p ≤ 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
PA exceeding 2 METs is associated with lower adiposity in mid-childhood, whereas PA of 3 METs is required to benefit CRF. VPA was most beneficial for fitness and fatness, from a time-for-time perspective, but displacing any lower-for-higher intensity may be an important first-order public health strategy. Clinical trial registry number (website): NCT01803776 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01803776 ).
背景
与良好的身体成分和心肺健康（CRF）相关的最低体力活动（PA）强度仍然未知。
目的
研究儿童中期 PA 和久坐时间（ST）与身体成分和 CRF 的横断面关联。
方法
在一项基于人群的 410 名儿童（年龄 7.6±0.4 岁）样本中测量了 PA、ST、身体成分和 CRF。综合心率和运动感应提供了 PA 能量消耗（PAEE，kJ/kg/天）和在多个精细代谢当量（MET）水平的时间（分钟/天）的估计值，这些值也被汇总为 ST 和低强度 PA（LPA）、中强度 PA（MPA）和高强度 PA（VPA）。从双能 X 射线吸收法得出脂肪质量指数（FMI，kg/m）、躯干脂肪质量指数（TFMI，kg/m）和去脂体重指数（FFMI，kg/m）。来自自行车测功仪测试的最大工作量提供了 CRF（FFM/kg）的测量值。线性回归和等时替代模型用于研究关联。
结果
在两性中，超过 2 METs（221 J/min/kg）的累积时间与 FMI 和 TFMI 呈负相关（p<0.001），而超过 3 METs 的时间与 CRF 呈正相关（p≤0.002）；CRF 随着 MET 水平的增加呈剂量依赖性增加，而肥胖呈剂量依赖性减少。ST 与 FMI 和 TFMI 呈正相关（p<0.001），但所有 PA 类别（包括 LPA）与肥胖均呈负相关（p≤0.002）；在等时替代模型中，这些关联的程度取决于被取代的活动，但从时间的角度来看，VPA 的关联更强。PAEE、MPA 且更显著的是 VPA，与 CRF 呈正相关（p≤0.001）。
结论
在儿童中期，超过 2 METs 的 PA 与较低的肥胖有关，而 3 METs 的 PA 则有利于 CRF。从时间的角度来看，VPA 对健康和脂肪最有益，但从更高的时间换更高的强度可能是一个重要的第一级公共卫生策略。临床试验注册号（网站）：NCT01803776（https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01803776）。
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