植物基因组编辑的进展与展望。

Progress and prospects in plant genome editing.

机构信息

State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, and Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

出版信息

Nat Plants. 2017 Jul 31;3:17107. doi: 10.1038/nplants.2017.107.

DOI:10.1038/nplants.2017.107

PMID:28758991

Abstract

The emergence of sequence-specific nucleases that enable genome editing is revolutionizing basic and applied biology. Since the introduction of CRISPR-Cas9, genome editing has become widely used in transformable plants for characterizing gene function and improving traits, mainly by inducing mutations through non-homologous end joining of double-stranded breaks generated by CRISPR-Cas9. However, it would be highly desirable to perform precision gene editing in plants, especially in transformation-recalcitrant species. Recently developed Cas9 variants, novel RNA-guided nucleases and base-editing systems, and DNA-free CRISPR-Cas9 delivery methods now provide great opportunities for plant genome engineering. In this Review Article, we describe the current status of plant genome editing, focusing on newly developed genome editing tools and methods and their potential applications in plants. We also discuss the specific challenges facing plant genome editing, and future prospects.

摘要

序列特异性核酸酶的出现使基因组编辑发生了革命性变化，从而彻底改变了基础和应用生物学。自 CRISPR-Cas9 问世以来，基因组编辑已广泛应用于可转化植物，主要通过 CRISPR-Cas9 产生的双链断裂的非同源末端连接来诱导突变，从而用于鉴定基因功能和改良性状。然而，在植物中进行精确的基因编辑是非常可取的，尤其是在转化抗性物种中。最近开发的 Cas9 变体、新型 RNA 指导的核酸酶和碱基编辑系统以及无 DNA 的 CRISPR-Cas9 递呈方法，为植物基因组工程提供了巨大的机会。在这篇综述文章中，我们描述了植物基因组编辑的现状，重点介绍了新开发的基因组编辑工具和方法及其在植物中的潜在应用。我们还讨论了植物基因组编辑所面临的具体挑战和未来展望。