高强度间歇训练对肥胖儿童体适能、脂肪量和心脏代谢生物标志物的影响：一项随机对照试验。
Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Fitness, Fat Mass and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Children with Obesity: A Randomised Controlled Trial.
机构信息
School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
出版信息
Sports Med. 2018 Mar;48(3):733-746. doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0777-0.
BACKGROUND
Paediatric obesity significantly increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases across the lifespan. Increasing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) could mitigate this risk. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves CRF in clinical adult populations but the evidence in paediatric obesity is inconsistent.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to determine the efficacy of a 12-week, HIIT intervention for increasing CRF and reducing adiposity in children with obesity.
METHODS
Children with obesity (n = 99, 7-16 years old) were randomised into a 12-week intervention as follows: (1) HIIT [n = 33, 4 × 4-min bouts at 85-95% maximum heart rate (HR), interspersed with 3 min of active recovery at 50-70% HR, 3 times/week] and nutrition advice; (2) moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) [n = 32, 44 min at 60-70% HR, 3 times/week] and nutrition advice; and (3) nutrition advice only (nutrition) [n = 34]. CRF was quantified through a maximal exercise test ([Formula: see text]) while adiposity was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air-displacement plethysmography.
RESULTS
HIIT stimulated significant increases in relative [Formula: see text] compared with MICT (+3.6 mL/kg/min, 95% CI 1.1-6.0, P = 0.004) and the nutrition intervention (+5.4 mL/kg/min, 95% CI 2.9-7.9, P = 0.001). However, the intervention had no significant effect on visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, whole body composition or cardiometabolic biomarkers (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
A 12-week, HIIT intervention was highly effective in increasing cardiorespiratory fitness when compared with MICT and nutrition interventions. While there were no concomitant reductions in adiposity or blood biomarkers, the cardiometabolic health benefit conferred through increased CRF should be noted.
CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER
Clinicaltrials.gov; NCT01991106.
背景
儿科肥胖显著增加了终生罹患心脏代谢疾病的风险。提高心肺适能（CRF）可以降低这种风险。高强度间歇训练（HIIT）可提高临床成年人群的 CRF，但在儿科肥胖中的证据并不一致。
目的
本研究的目的是确定为期 12 周的 HIIT 干预对肥胖儿童提高 CRF 和减少脂肪的效果。
方法
肥胖儿童（n=99，7-16 岁）随机分为以下 12 周干预组：（1）HIIT [n=33，4×4 分钟的 85-95%最大心率（HR）冲刺，穿插 3 分钟 50-70%HR 的主动恢复，每周 3 次]和营养建议；（2）中等强度持续训练（MICT）[n=32，60-70%HR 持续 44 分钟，每周 3 次]和营养建议；（3）仅接受营养建议（营养）[n=34]。CRF 通过最大运动测试[公式：见文本]进行量化，而体脂则通过磁共振成像（MRI）、双能 X 射线吸收测定法（DXA）和空气置换体描记法进行评估。
结果
与 MICT 相比，HIIT 显著增加了相对[公式：见文本]（+3.6 mL/kg/min，95%CI 1.1-6.0，P=0.004）和营养干预（+5.4 mL/kg/min，95%CI 2.9-7.9，P=0.001）。然而，干预对内脏和皮下脂肪组织、全身成分或心脏代谢生物标志物没有显著影响（P>0.05）。
结论
与 MICT 和营养干预相比，为期 12 周的 HIIT 干预非常有效地提高了心肺适能。虽然脂肪量或血液生物标志物没有相应减少，但通过提高 CRF 带来的心脏代谢健康益处值得注意。
临床试验注册号
Clinicaltrials.gov；NCT01991106。
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