弓状核 AgRP 神经元对能量消耗的控制：神经回路、信号通路和血管紧张素。
Control of Energy Expenditure by AgRP Neurons of the Arcuate Nucleus: Neurocircuitry, Signaling Pathways, and Angiotensin.
机构信息
Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-307 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
出版信息
Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018 Mar 19;20(3):25. doi: 10.1007/s11906-018-0824-8.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Here, we review the current understanding of the functional neuroanatomy of neurons expressing Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and the angiotensin 1A receptor (AT) within the arcuate nucleus (ARC) in the control of energy balance.
RECENT FINDINGS
The development and maintenance of obesity involves suppression of resting metabolic rate (RMR). RMR control is integrated via AgRP and proopiomelanocortin neurons within the ARC. Their projections to other hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic nuclei contribute to RMR control, though relatively little is known about the contributions of individual projections and the neurotransmitters involved. Recent studies highlight a role for AT, localized to AgRP neurons, but the specific function of AT within these cells remains unclear. AT functions within AgRP neurons to control RMR, but additional work is required to clarify its role within subpopulations of AgRP neurons projecting to distinct second-order nuclei, and the molecular mediators of its signaling within these cells.
目的综述
本文综述了弓状核（ARC）内表达刺鼠相关肽（AgRP）和血管紧张素 1A 受体（AT）的神经元在能量平衡控制中的功能神经解剖学的最新认识。
最新发现
肥胖的发生和维持涉及静息代谢率（RMR）的抑制。RMR 的控制是通过 ARC 内的 AgRP 和 proopiomelanocortin 神经元进行整合的。它们投射到其他下丘脑和下丘脑外核，有助于 RMR 的控制，但对于个别投射的贡献和涉及的神经递质知之甚少。最近的研究强调了 AT 在 AgRP 神经元中的作用，但这些细胞中 AT 的具体功能仍不清楚。AT 在 AgRP 神经元中发挥作用以控制 RMR，但需要进一步的工作来阐明其在投射到不同第二级核的 AgRP 神经元亚群中的作用，以及其在这些细胞中的信号转导的分子介质。
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