澳大利亚因癌症导致的劳动力参与率下降和生产力损失成本。
Labour force participation and the cost of lost productivity due to cancer in Australia.
机构信息
College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Building 48, Douglas Campus, Townsville City, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2018 Apr 6;18(1):375. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-5297-9.
BACKGROUND
In Australia, 40% of people diagnosed with cancer will be of working age (25-64 years). A cancer diagnosis may lead to temporary or permanent changes in a person's labour force participation, which has an economic impact on both the individual and the economy. However, little is known about this economic impact of cancer due to lost productivity in Australia. This paper aims to determine the labour force participation characteristics of people with cancer, to estimate the indirect cost due to lost productivity, and to identify any inequality in the distribution of labour force absence in Australia.
METHODS
This study used national cross-sectional data from the 2015 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers, conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). The ABS weighted each component of the survey to ensure the sample represented the population distribution of Australia. The analysis was limited to people aged 25-64 years. Participants were assigned to one of three health condition groups: 'no health condition', 'cancer', and 'any other long-term health condition'. A series of logistic regression models were constructed to determine the association between health condition and labour force participation.
RESULTS
A total of 34,393 participants surveyed were aged 25-64 years, representing approximately 12,387,800 Australians. Almost half (46%) of people with cancer were not in the labour force, resulting in a reduction of $1.7 billion to the Australian gross domestic product (GDP). Amongst those in the labour force, people with no health condition were 3.00 times more likely to be employed full-time compared to people with cancer (95% CI 1.96-4.57), after adjusting for age, sex, educational attainment and rurality. Amongst those with cancer, people without a tertiary qualification were 3.73 times more likely to be out of the labour force (95% CI 1.97-7.07).
CONCLUSIONS
This paper is the first in Australia to estimate the national labour force participation rates of people with cancer. People with cancer were less likely to be in the labour force, resulting in a reduction in Australia's GDP. Cancer survivors, especially those without a tertiary qualification may benefit from support to return to work after a diagnosis.
背景
在澳大利亚，40%的癌症患者处于工作年龄（25-64 岁）。癌症诊断可能导致个人劳动力参与的暂时或永久变化，这对个人和经济都有经济影响。然而，由于澳大利亚生产力的丧失，人们对癌症的这种经济影响知之甚少。本文旨在确定癌症患者的劳动力参与特征，估算因生产力损失而造成的间接成本，并确定澳大利亚劳动力缺勤分布的任何不平等现象。
方法
本研究使用了澳大利亚统计局（ABS）进行的 2015 年残疾、老龄化和照顾者调查的全国横断面数据。ABS 对调查的每个组成部分进行加权，以确保样本代表澳大利亚的人口分布。分析仅限于 25-64 岁的人群。参与者被分配到以下三个健康状况组之一：“无健康状况”、“癌症”和“任何其他长期健康状况”。构建了一系列逻辑回归模型，以确定健康状况与劳动力参与之间的关联。
结果
共有 34393 名 25-64 岁的参与者接受了调查，代表了大约 1238.78 万澳大利亚人。近一半（46%）的癌症患者不在劳动力中，导致澳大利亚国内生产总值（GDP）减少 17 亿美元。在劳动力中，与癌症患者相比，无健康状况的人全职就业的可能性高 3 倍（95%CI 1.96-4.57），调整年龄、性别、教育程度和农村地区后。在癌症患者中，没有接受过高等教育的人失业的可能性高 3.73 倍（95%CI 1.97-7.07）。
结论
本文是澳大利亚第一份估算癌症患者全国劳动力参与率的报告。癌症患者更不可能参与劳动力，从而导致澳大利亚 GDP 下降。癌症幸存者，尤其是那些没有接受过高等教育的人，在诊断后可能会受益于重返工作岗位的支持。
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