美国人群血清锌浓度与性别、年龄和采血时间有关，但与饮食或补充锌无关。

Serum Zinc Concentrations in the US Population Are Related to Sex, Age, and Time of Blood Draw but Not Dietary or Supplemental Zinc.

机构信息

US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA.

Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Belcamp, MD.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2018 Aug 1;148(8):1341-1351. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy105.

DOI:10.1093/jn/nxy105

PMID:29947812

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Serum zinc concentration is used to assess the zinc status of populations. Cutoffs for serum zinc were developed on the basis of data from the second NHANES (1976-1980).

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to evaluate serum zinc concentrations in the US population and to determine factors affecting serum zinc with the use of NHANES 2011-2014.

METHODS

Serum zinc was determined in males and females aged ≥6 y with the use of NHANES 2011-2014 (n = 4347). Dietary zinc intake was determined, and factors affecting serum zinc were identified with the use of regression models adjusting for sex, age, fasting status, and time of blood draw. ORs were calculated to identify factors associated with the risk of being below the serum zinc cutoff, and the prevalence of low serum zinc in the US was calculated. P < 0.01 was considered significant.

RESULTS

Mean ± SE serum zinc concentrations in males and females were 84.9 ± 0.8 and 80.6 ± 0.6 μg/dL, respectively (P < 0.0001). Regression models with serum zinc as the dependent variable indicated that afternoon and evening blood draws (β = -9.7 and -15.3; P < 0.0001) were negatively associated with serum zinc concentrations and serum albumin (β = 16.1; P < 0.0001) and hemoglobin (β = 1.0; P = 0.0048) were positively associated with serum zinc concentrations. Hypoalbuminemia (OR = 11.2; 99% CI: 3.4, 37.3), anemia in females (OR: 3.4; 99% CI: 1.7, 6.9), and pregnancy (OR: 9.6; 99% CI: 2.9, 31.9) increased the odds of being below the serum zinc cutoff (P < 0.0001 for all). Zinc from diet or supplements did not affect serum zinc (P > 0.01). Approximately 3.8% of children (<10 y), 8.6% of males (≥10 y), and 8.2% of females (≥10 y) were below the serum zinc cutoff.

CONCLUSIONS

Factors such as sex, age, and time of blood draw should be considered when using serum zinc concentration to determine the zinc status of a population. Caution is advised when interpreting serum zinc concentration in populations with a high prevalence of hypoalbuminemia or anemia. This trial was registered at http://www.isrctn.com as ISRCTN96013840.

摘要

背景

血清锌浓度用于评估人群的锌状况。血清锌的截止值是基于第二次国家健康与营养调查（1976-1980 年）的数据制定的。

目的

本研究旨在评估美国人群的血清锌浓度，并利用 2011-2014 年国家健康与营养调查数据确定影响血清锌的因素。

方法

使用 2011-2014 年国家健康与营养调查（n=4347）的数据，测定年龄≥6 岁的男性和女性的血清锌。通过回归模型确定膳食锌摄入量，并确定影响血清锌的因素，模型调整了性别、年龄、禁食状态和采血时间。计算比值比（OR）以确定与血清锌截止值以下风险相关的因素，并计算美国低血清锌的患病率。P＜0.01 被认为具有统计学意义。

结果

男性和女性的平均血清锌浓度±标准误分别为 84.9±0.8 和 80.6±0.6μg/dL（P＜0.0001）。以血清锌为因变量的回归模型表明，下午和傍晚采血（β=-9.7 和-15.3；P＜0.0001）与血清锌浓度呈负相关，血清白蛋白（β=16.1；P＜0.0001）和血红蛋白（β=1.0；P=0.0048）与血清锌浓度呈正相关。低白蛋白血症（OR=11.2；99%CI：3.4，37.3）、女性贫血（OR：3.4；99%CI：1.7，6.9）和妊娠（OR：9.6；99%CI：2.9，31.9）增加了血清锌截止值以下的几率（所有 P＜0.0001）。饮食或补充剂中的锌对血清锌没有影响（P＞0.01）。约 3.8%的儿童（＜10 岁）、8.6%的男性（≥10 岁）和 8.2%的女性（≥10 岁）的血清锌低于截止值。