上海出生队列研究中产前多溴联苯醚暴露与男童肛门生殖器距离的关系。
Prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ethers exposure and anogenital distance in boys from a Shanghai birth cohort.
机构信息
NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
出版信息
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2019 Apr;222(3):513-523. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.01.008. Epub 2019 Feb 1.
BACKGROUND
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are major brominated flame retardant (BFR) chemicals with endocrine-disrupting properties. One small-scale study on humans has suggested that prenatal exposure to PBDEs is adversely related to anogenital distance (AGD) a sensitive marker for prenatal androgen exposure. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between prenatal exposure to PBDEs and AGD among boys 0-4 years of age in a cohort study.
METHODS
In the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort Study (S-MBCS), nine PBDE congeners were measured in cord plasma of 192 male infants. We measured anopenile distance (AGD) and anoscrotal distance (AGD) at birth, 6 months, 12 months, and 48 months of age. A total of 190 boys with neonatal concentrations of PBDEs (ng/g lipid) who had at-least one AGD measurement were included in our study. Information on potential confounding variables were collected through in-person interviews. Multiple linear regression models and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to evaluate the associations between prenatal PBDEs concentrations and AGD.
RESULTS
Among the nine congeners, BDE-47 had the highest detection rate (83.68%) and the highest median concentration (0.18 ng/g lipid). Boys who had neonatal concentration of BDE-47 or ΣPBDEs (sum of BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, and BDE-153) in the higher quartile generally had shorter AGD and AGD than those in the first quartile. Significant inverse associations were found between AGD and fourth quartile BDE-47 levels among boys 12 months and 48 months of age (β = -5.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): -9.89, -1.25 for 12 month of age; β = -4.32, 95% CI: -8.18, -0.46 for 48 month of age). Inverse associations were also observed between AGD and fourth quartile ΣPBDEs levels among boys 12 months of age (β = -5.13, 95% CI: -9.89, -1.25). In GEE models, similar patterns of association were also observed between BDE-47 and AGD.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provide preliminary evidence that prenatal exposure to BDE-47 and ΣPBDEs, even at low environmental levels, may be associated with shorter AGD in boys. This data suggest that prenatal exposure to PBDEs may have adverse effects on male reproductive development. Further studies should be conducted to validate these results.
背景
多溴联苯醚（PBDEs）是主要的溴系阻燃剂（BFR）化学物质，具有内分泌干扰特性。一项针对人类的小规模研究表明，产前接触 PBDEs 与肛殖距离（AGD）呈负相关，AGD 是产前雄激素暴露的敏感标志物。本研究旨在通过队列研究，检验产前暴露于 PBDEs 与男童 0-4 岁时 AGD 之间的相关性。
方法
在上海闵行出生队列研究（S-MBCS）中，对 192 名男婴的脐带血浆进行了 9 种 PBDE 同系物的测量。我们在出生、6 个月、12 个月和 48 个月时测量了阴茎开口距离（AGD）和阴囊开口距离（AGD）。共有 190 名男童具有新生儿 PBDEs 浓度（ng/g 脂质），他们至少有一次 AGD 测量值，纳入了本研究。通过面对面访谈收集了潜在混杂变量的信息。采用多元线性回归模型和广义估计方程（GEE）模型评估产前 PBDEs 浓度与 AGD 之间的关系。
结果
在所研究的 9 种同系物中，BDE-47 的检出率最高（83.68%），中位浓度最高（0.18ng/g 脂质）。新生儿 BDE-47 或 ΣPBDEs（BDE-47、BDE-99、BDE-100 和 BDE-153 的总和）浓度处于四分位较高组的男童，其 AGD 和 AGD 通常短于四分位较低组。12 个月和 48 个月时，AGD 与第四四分位 BDE-47 水平之间存在显著的负相关关系（12 个月时的β=−5.57，95%置信区间（CI）：−9.89，−1.25；48 个月时的β=−4.32，95% CI：−8.18，−0.46）。12 个月时，AGD 与第四四分位 ΣPBDEs 水平之间也存在负相关关系（β=−5.13，95% CI：−9.89，−1.25）。在 GEE 模型中，BDE-47 与 AGD 之间也存在类似的关联模式。
结论
我们的研究结果提供了初步证据，表明产前接触 BDE-47 和 ΣPBDEs，即使在低环境水平下，也可能与男童的 AGD 较短有关。这些数据表明，产前接触 PBDEs 可能对男性生殖发育产生不良影响。应进一步开展研究以验证这些结果。
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