Deletion of Prevents Motor Neuron Death but not .

Increasing evidence suggests that necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death (PCD), contributes to neurodegeneration in several disorders, including ALS. Supporting this view, investigations in both and models of ALS have implicated key molecular determinants of necroptosis in the death of spinal motor neurons (MNs). Consistent with a pathogenic role of necroptosis in ALS, we showed increased mRNA levels for the three main necroptosis effectors , , and in the spinal cord of mutant superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) transgenic mice (Tg), an established model of ALS. In addition, protein levels of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1; but not of RIPK3, MLKL or activated MLKL) were elevated in spinal cord extracts from these Tg SOD1 mice. In postmortem motor cortex samples from sporadic and familial ALS patients, no change in protein levels of RIPK1 were detected. Silencing of in cultured MNs protected them from toxicity associated with SOD1 astrocytes. However, constitutive deletion of in Tg SOD1 mice failed to provide behavioral or neuropathological improvement, demonstrating no similar benefit of silencing . Lastly, we detected no genotype-specific myelin decompaction, proposed to be a proxy of necroptosis in ALS, in either Tg SOD1 or knock-out mice, another ALS mouse model. These findings argue against a role for RIPK3 in Tg SOD1-induced neurodegeneration and call for further preclinical investigations to determine if necroptosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of ALS.