外泌体 microRNAs 作为前列腺癌的液体活检生物标志物。

Exosomal microRNAs as liquid biopsy biomarkers in prostate cancer.

机构信息

St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.

St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia; Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia; Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia.

出版信息

Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2020 Jan;145:102860. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102860. Epub 2019 Dec 19.

DOI:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102860

PMID:31874447

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed solid-organ cancer in males. The PSA testing may cause overdiagnosis and overtreatment for PCa patients. There is an urgent need for new biomarkers with greater discriminative precision for diagnosis and risk-stratification, to select for prostate biopsy and treatment of PCa. Liquid biopsy is a promising field with the potential to provide comprehensive information on the genetic landscape at diagnosis and to track genomic evolution over time in order to tailor the therapeutic choices at all stages of PCa. Exosomes, containing RNAs, DNAs and proteins, have been shown to be involved in tumour progression and a rich potential source of tumour biomarkers, especially for profiling analysis of their miRNAs content. In this review, we summarise the exosomal miRNAs in PCa diagnosis, prognosis and management, and further discuss their possible technical challenges associated with isolating PCa-specific exosomes.

摘要

前列腺癌（PCa）是男性中最常见的实体器官癌。PSA 检测可能会导致 PCa 患者过度诊断和过度治疗。因此，迫切需要具有更高鉴别精度的新型生物标志物，以用于诊断和风险分层，从而选择进行前列腺活检和 PCa 治疗。液体活检是一个很有前途的领域，有可能在诊断时提供关于遗传景观的全面信息，并随着时间的推移跟踪基因组进化，以便在 PCa 的所有阶段定制治疗选择。外泌体包含 RNA、DNA 和蛋白质，已被证明与肿瘤进展有关，是肿瘤生物标志物的丰富潜在来源，特别是用于分析其 miRNA 含量的特征分析。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 PCa 诊断、预后和管理中外泌体 miRNA 的作用，并进一步讨论了与分离 PCa 特异性外泌体相关的可能技术挑战。