白尾鹿（）是美国多种菌株的储主，对食用未煮熟鹿肉的消费者构成风险。
White-tailed deer () are a reservoir of a diversity of strains in the USA and pose a risk to consumers of undercooked venison.
机构信息
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD20705-2350, USA.
United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, 920 Main Campus Drive, Suite 200 Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
出版信息
Parasitology. 2020 Jun;147(7):775-781. doi: 10.1017/S0031182020000451. Epub 2020 Mar 17.
To assess the role of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus, WTD) in the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis, we conducted a national survey of WTD across the USA for Toxoplasma gondii infection. To do this, we combined serology with parasite isolation to evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of T. gondii in this game species. From October 2012 to March 2019, serum and tissues were collected from 914 WTD across the USA. Serum samples were screened for antibodies to T. gondii, and then the tissues of seropositive WTD were bioassayed in mice. Antibodies were detected in 329 (36%) of 914 WTD tested by the modified agglutination test (positive reaction at 1:25 or higher). Viable T. gondii was isolated from the heart of 36 WTD from 11 states. Three of the 36 isolates were pathogenic but not highly virulent to outbred Swiss Webster mice and all 36 isolates could be propagated further in cell culture and were genotyped. For genotyping, DNA extracted from cell culture-derived tachyzoites was characterized by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using the genetic markers SAG1, SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico. Genotyping revealed seven ToxoDB PCR-RFLP genotypes, including 24 isolates for genotype #5 (haplogroup 12), four isolates for #2 (type III, haplogroup 3), three isolates for genotypes #1 (type II, haplogroup 2), two isolates for genotypes #3 (type II, haplogroup 2) and one isolate each for #39, #221 and #224. Genotype #5 was the most frequently isolated, accounting for 66.6% (24 of 36) of the isolates. Combining the 36 isolates from this study with previously reported 69 isolates from WTD, 15 genotypes have been identified. Among these, 50.4% (53/105) isolates belong to genotype #5. Our results indicate moderate genetic diversity of T. gondii in WTD. The results also indicate that undercooked venison should not be consumed by humans or fed to cats.
为了评估白尾鹿（Odocoileus virginianus，WTD）在弓形体病流行病学中的作用，我们对美国各地的 WTD 进行了全国性的弓形体感染调查。为此，我们将血清学与寄生虫分离相结合，评估了这种猎物物种中弓形体的流行率和遗传多样性。从 2012 年 10 月至 2019 年 3 月，我们从美国各地的 914 只 WTD 中采集了血清和组织样本。血清样本经改良凝集试验进行了针对弓形体的抗体筛查，然后对血清学阳性的 WTD 组织进行了小鼠生物检测。通过改良凝集试验检测到 914 只 WTD 中有 329 只（36%）呈阳性反应（反应在 1:25 或更高）。从 11 个州的 36 只 WTD 的心脏中分离出了活的弓形体。从 36 个分离株中有 3 个对非近亲瑞士 Webster 小鼠具有致病性，但并非高度致命，所有 36 个分离株均可在细胞培养物中进一步繁殖，并进行了基因分型。为了基因分型，从细胞培养衍生的速殖子中提取的 DNA 通过聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR-RFLP）用遗传标记 SAG1、SAG2、SAG3、BTUB、GRA6、c22-8、c29-2、L358、PK1 和 Apico 进行了表征。基因分型显示了 7 种 ToxoDB PCR-RFLP 基因型，包括 24 个分离株属于基因型#5（单倍群 12），4 个分离株属于#2（III 型，单倍群 3），3 个分离株属于基因型#1（II 型，单倍群 2），2 个分离株属于基因型#3（II 型，单倍群 2），1 个分离株分别属于#39、#221 和#224。基因型#5 是最常分离的，占 36 个分离株的 66.6%（24 个）。将本研究中的 36 个分离株与以前报道的来自 WTD 的 69 个分离株相结合，共鉴定出 15 种基因型。其中，50.4%（53/105）的分离株属于基因型#5。我们的结果表明，WTD 中的弓形体具有中等遗传多样性。结果还表明，未煮熟的鹿肉不应被人类食用或喂给猫。
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