Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Campus, New York, NY, USA.
Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Med Clin North Am. 2021 Jan;105(1):31-38. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2020.08.013.
Cough is a common presenting symptom for patients in a primary care setting. Chronic cough is defined as a cough lasting for more than 8 weeks. The most common causes of chronic cough are upper airway cough syndrome, asthma, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Detailed history and physical examination are critical in identifying potential etiologies of cough. When there is no prevailing diagnosis, step-wise empiric trial of medication is a strategic and cost-effective approach. Certain features of chronic cough should provoke an expedited and invasive diagnostic strategy. Effectively treating patients with chronic cough has a high impact on quality of life.
咳嗽是基层医疗机构患者常见的主诉症状。慢性咳嗽定义为咳嗽持续 8 周以上。慢性咳嗽最常见的病因是上气道咳嗽综合征、哮喘和胃食管反流病。详细的病史和体格检查对于确定咳嗽的潜在病因至关重要。当没有明确诊断时,逐步进行经验性药物治疗是一种具有战略意义且经济有效的方法。慢性咳嗽的某些特征应该促使采取快速和有创的诊断策略。有效地治疗慢性咳嗽患者对提高生活质量有很大影响。