饲粮中脂肪酸组成不同的脂肪酸钙对育肥牛瘤胃内消化、生长性能、肉品质和屠宰性能的影响。
Calcium salts of fatty acids with varying fatty acid profiles in diets of feedlot-finished Bos indicus bulls: impacts on intake, digestibility, performance, and carcass and meat characteristics.
机构信息
Animal Science Department, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP/FCAV), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Colina, SP, Brazil.
出版信息
J Anim Sci. 2020 Dec 1;98(12). doi: 10.1093/jas/skaa382.
We hypothesized that the inclusion of calcium salts of fatty acid (CSFA) into the diets and the fatty acid (FA) profile of the supplements would impact performance and meat characteristics of Bos indicus bulls. Hence, the objective was to evaluate the effects of CSFA profiles on intake, body weight (BW), carcass, and meat characteristics of feedlot-finished B indicus bulls. Fifty-three Nellore bulls [initial BW 315 ± 5.9 kg and 20 ± 2 mo] were used. At the beginning, 6 bulls were randomly chosen and slaughtered for determination of their BW composition, and the remaining 47 bulls were evaluated during a 140-d experimental period. The bulls were placed in individual pens, blocked according to initial BW and randomly allocated to 1 of the 3 following treatments: (1) control diet containing sugarcane bagasse, ground corn, citrus pulp, peanut meal, and mineral-vitamin mix (CON), (2) CON with the addition of 3.3% of CSFA from soybean oil (CSO), or (3) CON with the addition of a mixture of 3.3% of CSFA from palm, soybean, and cottonseed oils (CPSCO). Diets were offered ad libitum and formulated to be isonitrogenous. Bulls supplemented with CSFA had a greater (P < 0.01) final BW, dry matter intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE), and FA intake vs. CON. Among carcass parameters, CSFA-supplemented bulls had greater (P < 0.01) carcass ether extract concentration vs. CON bulls. When the CSFA profile was evaluated (CSO vs. CPSCO), CPSCO bulls had a better (P ≤ 0.03) FE, carcass ADG, and hot carcass weight (HCW) vs. CSO bulls. The FA intakes differed among CSFA treatments, as the total saturated, palmitic, and oleic FA intakes were greater for CPSCO (P < 0.01), whereas lower intakes of total unsaturated and polyunsaturated FA (P < 0.01) were observed for CPSCO vs. CSO. Samples from the Longissimus muscle contained greater palmitoleic (P = 0.01) and reduced linoleic (P = 0.02) FA concentrations in CSFA-supplemented bulls vs. CON bulls. In agreement with the FA intakes, CPSCO-supplemented bulls had a greater (P ≤ 0.05) unsaturated FA concentration vs. CSO in Longissimus muscle. In summary, CSFA supplementation improved the performance of finishing B. indicus bulls vs. CON. Moreover, the inclusion of CSFA from palm, soybean, and cottonseed oil benefited the FE, carcass ADG, and HCW compared with the inclusion of CSFA from soybean oil, demonstrating the potential of specific FA for improving the performance and meat quality of B. indicus bulls.
我们假设在饮食中添加脂肪酸钙（CSFA）和补充剂中的脂肪酸（FA）谱会影响印度瘤牛公牛的性能和肉质特征。因此，本研究的目的是评估 CSFA 谱对育肥瘤牛公牛采食量、体重（BW）、胴体和肉质特征的影响。53 头尼洛牛[初始 BW 315±5.9kg 和 20±2 月龄]被用于本试验。最初，随机选择 6 头公牛进行屠宰，以确定其 BW 组成，其余 47 头公牛在 140d 的试验期内进行评估。公牛被安置在单独的围栏中，根据初始 BW 进行分组，并随机分配到以下 3 种处理之一：（1）对照日粮，包含甘蔗渣、玉米粉、柑橘渣、花生粕和矿物质-维生素混合物（CON），（2）在 CON 中添加 3.3%的大豆油 CSFA（CSO），或（3）在 CON 中添加 3.3%的棕榈油、大豆油和棉籽油 CSFA 混合物（CPSCO）。日粮自由采食，且配方为等氮。与 CON 相比，添加 CSFA 的公牛具有更高的（P<0.01）终 BW、干物质采食量、平均日增重（ADG）、饲料效率（FE）和 FA 采食量。在胴体参数方面，与 CON 公牛相比，添加 CSFA 的公牛具有更高的（P<0.01）胴体乙醚提取物浓度。当评估 CSFA 谱（CSO 与 CPSCO）时，与 CSO 公牛相比，CPSCO 公牛具有更好的（P≤0.03）FE、胴体 ADG 和热胴体重（HCW）。CSFA 处理之间的 FA 摄入量存在差异，因为 CPSCO 的总饱和脂肪酸、棕榈酸和油酸 FA 摄入量更高（P<0.01），而 CPSCO 相对于 CSO 的总不饱和和多不饱和 FA 摄入量较低（P<0.01）。来自背最长肌的样品含有更高的棕榈油酸（P=0.01）和更低的亚油酸（P=0.02），添加 CSFA 的公牛与 CON 公牛相比。与 FA 摄入量一致，与 CON 公牛相比，添加 CPSCO 的公牛的背最长肌中的不饱和 FA 浓度更高（P≤0.05）。总之，CSFA 补充提高了 B. indicus 公牛的育肥性能。此外，与添加大豆油 CSFA 相比，添加棕榈油、大豆油和棉籽油 CSFA 有益于 FE、胴体 ADG 和 HCW，表明特定 FA 具有改善 B. indicus 公牛性能和肉质的潜力。
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