Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfamoylphenyl-quinazoline derivatives as potential EGFR/CAIX dual inhibitors.

Multi-target, especially dual-target, drug design has become a popular research field for cancer treatment. Development of small molecule dual-target inhibitors through hybridization strategy can provide highly potent and selective anticancer agents. In this study, three series of quinazoline derivatives bearing a benzene-sulfonamide moiety were designed and synthesized as dual EGFR/CAIX inhibitors. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated against epidermoid carcinoma (A431) and non-small cell lung cancer (A549 and H1975) cell lines, which displayed weak to potent anticancer activity. In particular, compound 8v emerged as the most potent derivative against mutant-type H1975 cells, which exhibited comparable activity to osimertinib. Importantly, 8v exhibited stronger anti-proliferative activity than osimertinib against H1975 cells under hypoxic condition. Kinase inhibition studies indicated that 8v showed excellent inhibitory effect on EGFR enzyme, which was 41 times more effective than gefitinib and almost equal to osimertinib. Mechanism studies revealed that 8v exhibited remarkable CAIX inhibitory effect comparable to acetazolamide and significantly inhibited the expression of p-EGFR as well as its downstream p-AKT and p-ERK in H1975 cells. Notably, 8v was found to inhibit the expression of CAIX and its upstream HIF-1α in H1975 cells under hypoxic condition. Molecular docking was also performed to gain insights into the ligand-binding interactions of 8v inside EGFR, EGFR and CAIX binding sites.