巴基斯坦绵羊和山羊的蜱传疾病：系统评价与荟萃分析
Tick-borne Diseases in Sheep and Goats in Pakistan: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者信息
Mushtaq Aqsa, Shoukat Tehniat, Mumtaz Tanzila, Qasim Muhammad, Ajmal Kiran, Fatima Nayab, Khan Aisha, Kouser Misbah, Hussain Nazeer, Khan Sadia Selim, Afzal Mohammed Sohail, Simsek Sami, Ahmed Haroon
机构信息
Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan.
Department of Economics, Finance and Statistics, Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.
出版信息
Acta Parasitol. 2021 Dec;66(4):1316-1325. doi: 10.1007/s11686-021-00396-2. Epub 2021 May 15.
BACKGROUND
Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites and transmit various types of protozoal, bacterial, and viral diseases in a wild as well as domestic animals and humans globally. Only a few published reports are avaliable on the prevalence of tick-borne diseases in sheep and goats in Pakistan.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence (2000-2020) of tick-borne disease (theileriosis, babesiosis, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever infection, and anaplasmosis) in sheep and goats in Pakistan.
METHODS
A systematic review of articles published in English language (since 2000-2020) was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. Diagnostic methods used in the original reference articles were PCR, PCR-RLB, microscopy, and ELISA.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of theileriosis, babesiosis, anaplasmosis, and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) infections was 15.40%, 21.18%, 26.78%, and 11.62%, respectively. The prevalence of anaplasmosis was 22.06% (90/408) in sheep, 21.11% (76/360) in goats, and 40% (120/300) in both sheep and goats with substantial differences (P < 0.001). The prevalence of babesiosis among sheep was 29.88% (104/348) with highly significant differences (P < 0.001), in goats was 29.88% (25/60) with slightly significant differences (P < 0.031%), and in both sheep and goats were 7% (21/300) with highly significant differences (P < 0.001) according to subgroup analysis. The percentage of prevalence of theileriosis was 17.70% (207/1169) in sheep with highly substantial differences (P < 0.001), 4.51% (31/687) in goats with significant differences (P < 0.133), and 25% (125/500) in both sheep and goats with a significant difference among them (P < 0.001). The prevalence of CCHF among sheep was 18.63% (149/800) and 4.63% (37/800) in goats, respectively. The widely used detection method was microscopy (45.56%) followed by ELISA (38.38%), PCR (12.56%), and PCR-RLB (3.48%) test, respectively. This is a comprehensive report on the status of tick-borne disease in sheep and goats in Pakistan.
CONCLUSION
Based on our results, among tick-borne diseases anaplasmosis had the highest prevalence rate in sheep and goats. Due to its high prevalence, control measures should be taken to diagnose and prevent it.
背景
蜱是吸血性体外寄生虫，在全球范围内的野生动物、家畜和人类中传播各种原生动物、细菌和病毒性疾病。关于巴基斯坦绵羊和山羊蜱传疾病的流行情况，仅有少数已发表的报告。
目的
本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是评估2000年至2020年巴基斯坦绵羊和山羊蜱传疾病（泰勒虫病、巴贝斯虫病、克里米亚-刚果出血热感染和无形体病）的流行情况。
方法
使用PubMed和谷歌学术对2000年至2020年以英文发表的文章进行系统评价。原始参考文献文章中使用的诊断方法为聚合酶链反应（PCR）、PCR-反向线点杂交（PCR-RLB）、显微镜检查和酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）。
结果
泰勒虫病、巴贝斯虫病、无形体病和克里米亚-刚果出血热（CCHF）感染的总体流行率分别为15.40%、21.18%、26.78%和11.62%。无形体病在绵羊中的流行率为22.06%（90/408），在山羊中的流行率为21.11%（76/360），在绵羊和山羊中的流行率为40%（120/300），差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。根据亚组分析，巴贝斯虫病在绵羊中的流行率为29.88%（104/348），差异有高度统计学意义（P＜0.001），在山羊中的流行率为29.88%（25/60），差异有轻度统计学意义（P＜0.031%），在绵羊和山羊中的流行率为7%（21/300），差异有高度统计学意义（P＜0.001）。泰勒虫病在绵羊中的流行率为17.70%（207/1169），差异有高度统计学意义（P＜0.001），在山羊中的流行率为4.51%（31/687），差异有统计学意义（P＜0.133），在绵羊和山羊中的流行率为25%（125/500），差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。CCHF在绵羊中的流行率为18.63%（149/800），在山羊中的流行率为4.63%（37/800）。使用最广泛的检测方法分别是显微镜检查（45.56%），其次是ELISA（38.38%）、PCR（12.56%）和PCR-RLB（3.48%）检测。这是关于巴基斯坦绵羊和山羊蜱传疾病状况的综合报告。
结论
根据我们的研究结果，在蜱传疾病中，无形体病在绵羊和山羊中的流行率最高。由于其高流行率，应采取控制措施进行诊断和预防。
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