Ullah Muhammad Farhat, Ali Yasir, Khan Muhammad Ramzan, Khan Inam Ullah, Yan Bing, Ijaz Khan M, Malik M Y
Genome Editing & Sequencing Lab, National Centre for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan.
University of Sheffield, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Arts Tower Western Bank, Sheffield, S102TN, The University of Sheffield, Manchester, UK.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 Feb;29(2):860-871. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.020. Epub 2021 Oct 13.
The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has put the world on lockdown for the first time in decades. This has wreaked havoc on the global economy, put additional burden on local and global public health resources, and, most importantly, jeopardised human health. CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, and the CRISPR associated (Cas) protein (CRISPR/Cas) was identified to have structures in E. coli. The most modern of these systems is CRISPR/Cas. Editing the genomes of plants and animals took several years and cost hundreds of thousands of dollars until the CRISPR approach was discovered in 2012. As a result, CRISPR/Cas has piqued the scientific community's attention, particularly for disease diagnosis and treatment, because it is faster, less expensive, and more precise than previous genome editing technologies. Data from gene mutations in specific patients gathered using CRISPR/Cas can aid in the identification of the best treatment strategy for each patient, as well as other research domains such as coronavirus replication in cell culture, such as SARS-CoV2. The implications of the most prevalent driver mutations, on the other hand, are often unknown, making treatment interpretation difficult. For detecting a wide range of target genes, the CRISPR/Cas categories provide highly sensitive and selective tools. Genome-wide association studies are a relatively new strategy to discovering genes involved in human disease when it comes to the next steps in genomic research. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas provides a method for modifying non-coding portions of the genome, which will help advance whole genome libraries by speeding up the analysis of these poorly defined parts of the genome.
新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2大流行使世界数十年来首次进入封锁状态。这对全球经济造成了严重破坏,给地方和全球公共卫生资源带来了额外负担,最重要的是,危及人类健康。CRISPR代表成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列,并且CRISPR相关(Cas)蛋白(CRISPR/Cas)在大肠杆菌中被发现具有特定结构。这些系统中最先进的是CRISPR/Cas。在2012年发现CRISPR方法之前,编辑植物和动物的基因组需要数年时间且花费数十万美元。因此,CRISPR/Cas引起了科学界的关注,特别是在疾病诊断和治疗方面,因为它比以前的基因组编辑技术更快、更便宜且更精确。使用CRISPR/Cas收集的特定患者基因突变数据有助于确定每位患者的最佳治疗策略,以及其他研究领域,如细胞培养中冠状病毒的复制,例如SARS-CoV2。另一方面,最常见的驱动基因突变的影响往往未知,这使得治疗解读变得困难。对于检测广泛的靶基因,CRISPR/Cas类别提供了高度灵敏和特异的工具。在基因组研究的下一步中,全基因组关联研究是发现与人类疾病相关基因的一种相对较新的策略。此外,CRISPR/Cas提供了一种修饰基因组非编码部分的方法,这将通过加速对基因组中这些定义不明确部分的分析来帮助推进全基因组文库的发展。