Diagnostic Stewardship: Appropriate Testing and Judicious Treatments.

Diagnostic stewardship encompasses the entire diagnosis-to-treatment paradigm in the intensive care unit (ICU). Initially born of the antimicrobial stewardship movement, contemporary diagnostic stewardship aims to promote timely and appropriate diagnostic testing that directly links to management decisions. In the stewardship framework, excessive diagnostic testing in low probability cases is discouraged due to its tendency to generate false-positive results, which have their own downstream consequences. Though the evidence basis for diagnostic stewardship initiatives in the ICU is nascent and largely limited to retrospective analyses, available literature generally suggests that these initiatives are safe, feasible, and associated with similar patient outcomes. As diagnostic testing of critically ill patients becomes increasingly sophisticated in the ensuing decade, a stewardship mindset will aid bedside clinicians in interpreting and incorporating new diagnostic strategies in the ICU.