2021年埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴大学生对新冠疫苗的接受情况及其预测因素：一项横断面调查
COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and its Predictors among College Students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021: A Cross-Sectional Survey.
作者信息
Sahile Addisu Tadesse, Mulugeta Betesida, Hadush Semhal, Fikre Endashew Mulate
机构信息
Department of Public Health, Unity University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, Universal Medical and Business College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Patient Prefer Adherence. 2022 Feb 1;16:255-263. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S348132. eCollection 2022.
BACKGROUND
The coronavirus disease pandemic disrupted the normal social and economic activities of the people resulting in over 3 million deaths worldwide. Piece of literature depicted that predictors of vaccine acceptance are complex, multiple, and vary depending on the type of vaccine involved.
OBJECTIVE
The study aimed at assessing the COVID-19 acceptance and its predictors among college students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.
METHODS
A multi-center-institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 participants from three institutions in Addis Ababa selected based on a simple random sampling method from May 01 to July 30, 2021. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used for the collection of data, after which informed consent was obtained from all the included study participants. Descriptive statistics was used for the summarization of the data. Binary (bivariate and multivariate) logistic regression was applied for the identification predictors of vaccine acceptance with their respective 95% confidence interval and less than 5% p-value for the ascertainment of presence of association.
RESULTS
The level of vaccine acceptance was 39.8% (95% CI: 35.0-44.7%). Being male (AOR: 0.463, 95% CI: 0.284-0.755, < 0.001), living with children under the age of five (AOR: 2.295; 95% CI: 1.416-3.721, < 0.05), living with an elderly (AOR: 1.609, 95% CI: 1.016-2.548, < 0.05) and having had poor knowledge (AOR: 2.187, 95% CI: 1.391-3.438, < 0.001) were predictors significantly associated with an increased level of vaccine acceptance.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The level of vaccine acceptance among college students in Ethiopia was lower than necessary to achieve herd immunity. Sex, living with under-five children, and elderly, and knowledge were predictors of COVID-19 acceptance. Concerned bodies were suggested to work over the identified predictors of vaccine acceptance in the study settings.
背景
冠状病毒病大流行扰乱了人们正常的社会和经济活动，在全球导致超过300万人死亡。有文献描述，疫苗接受度的预测因素复杂多样，且因所涉及的疫苗类型而异。
目的
本研究旨在评估2021年埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴大学生对新冠疫苗的接受度及其预测因素。
方法
2021年5月1日至7月30日，采用简单随机抽样方法，在亚的斯亚贝巴三所机构的407名参与者中开展了一项基于多中心机构的横断面研究。使用自填式结构化问卷收集数据，之后从所有纳入研究的参与者处获得知情同意。描述性统计用于汇总数据。二元（双变量和多变量）逻辑回归用于识别疫苗接受度的预测因素及其各自的95%置信区间，p值小于5%以确定是否存在关联。
结果
疫苗接受度水平为39.8%（95%置信区间：35.0 - 44.7%）。男性（调整后比值比：0.463，95%置信区间：0.284 - 0.755，<0.001）、与五岁以下儿童同住（调整后比值比：2.295；95%置信区间：1.416 - 3.721，<0.05）、与老年人同住（调整后比值比：1.609，95%置信区间：1.016 - 2.548，<0.05）以及知识水平较低（调整后比值比：2.187，95%置信区间：1.391 - 3.438，<0.001）是与疫苗接受度水平升高显著相关的预测因素。
结论与建议
埃塞俄比亚大学生的疫苗接受度水平低于实现群体免疫所需的水平。性别、与五岁以下儿童和老年人同住以及知识水平是新冠疫苗接受度的预测因素。建议相关机构针对研究环境中已确定的疫苗接受度预测因素开展工作。
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