青少年睾丸功能障碍的危险因素。
Risk factors on testicular function in adolescents.
机构信息
Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank "Loredana Gandini", Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
Department of Medicine, Operative Unit of Andrology and Medicine of Human Reproduction, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
出版信息
J Endocrinol Invest. 2022 Sep;45(9):1625-1639. doi: 10.1007/s40618-022-01769-8. Epub 2022 Mar 14.
PURPOSE
Adolescence represents an important window for gonadal development. The aim of this review is to carry out a critical excursus of the most recent literature on endogenous and exogenous risk factors related to testicular function, focusing the research on adolescence period.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search within PubMed was performed to provide a summary of currently available evidence regarding the impact on adolescence of varicocele, cryptorchidism, cancer, diabetes, lifestyle factors, endocrine disruptors, obesity and sexually transmitted diseases. We focused on human studies that evaluated a possible impact of these factors on puberty timing and their effects on andrological health.
RESULTS
Evidence collected seems to suggest that andrological health in adolescence may be impaired by several factors, as varicocele, cryptorchidism, and childhood cancer. Despite an early diagnosis and treatment, many adolescents might still have symptoms and sign of a testicular dysfunction in their adult life and at the current time it is not possible to predict which of them will experience andrological problems. Lifestyle factors might have a role in these discrepancies. Most studies point out towards a correlation between obesity, insulin resistance, alcohol, smoking, use of illegal drugs and testicular function in pubertal boys. Also, endocrine disruptors and sexually transmitted diseases might contribute to impair reproductive health, but more studies in adolescents are needed.
CONCLUSION
According to currently available evidence, there is an emerging global adverse trend of high-risk and unhealthy behaviors in male adolescents. A significant proportion of young men with unsuspected and undiagnosed andrological disorders engage in behaviors that could impair testicular development and function, with an increased risk for later male infertility and/or hypogonadism during the adult life. Therefore, adolescence should be considered a key time for intervention and prevention of later andrological diseases.
目的
青春期是性腺发育的重要时期。本综述的目的是对与睾丸功能相关的内源性和外源性风险因素的最新文献进行批判性考察，重点研究青春期。
方法
我们在 PubMed 中进行了全面的文献检索，以提供目前关于隐睾症、精索静脉曲张、癌症、糖尿病、生活方式因素、内分泌干扰物、肥胖和性传播疾病对青春期影响的可用证据总结。我们重点关注评估这些因素对青春期时间可能产生的影响及其对男性健康影响的人类研究。
结果
收集到的证据似乎表明，隐睾症、精索静脉曲张和儿童癌症等多种因素可能会损害青春期的男性健康。尽管早期诊断和治疗，但许多青少年在成年后仍可能出现睾丸功能障碍的症状和体征，而且目前无法预测他们中哪些人会出现男性健康问题。生活方式因素可能在这些差异中起作用。大多数研究表明肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、酒精、吸烟、使用非法药物与青春期男孩的睾丸功能之间存在相关性。此外，内分泌干扰物和性传播疾病也可能损害生殖健康，但需要对青少年进行更多的研究。
结论
根据目前的证据，青春期男性青少年存在高风险和不健康行为的全球不良趋势。相当一部分患有未被怀疑和未被诊断的男性健康疾病的年轻男性从事可能损害睾丸发育和功能的行为，成年后患男性不育和/或性腺功能减退的风险增加。因此，青春期应被视为干预和预防以后男性健康疾病的关键时期。
Zotero 插件