Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
Front Immunol. 2022 Mar 21;13:846605. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846605. eCollection 2022.
Cigarette smoking is reported in about one third of adults worldwide. A strong relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as lung cancer has been proven. However, about 15% of lung cancer cases, and between one fourth and one third of COPD cases, occur in never-smokers. The effects of cigarette smoke on the innate as well as the adaptive immune system have been widely investigated. It is assumed that certain immunologic features contribute to lung cancer and COPD development in the absence of smoking as the major risk factor. In this article, we review different immunological aspects of lung cancer and COPD with a special focus on non-smoking related risk factors.
据报道,全球约有三分之一的成年人吸烟。已经证明,香烟烟雾暴露与慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)和肺癌之间存在很强的关联。然而,约 15%的肺癌病例和四分之一至三分之一的 COPD 病例发生在从不吸烟的人群中。香烟烟雾对先天和适应性免疫系统的影响已经得到广泛研究。人们认为,某些免疫特征有助于在没有吸烟这一主要危险因素的情况下发生肺癌和 COPD。本文综述了肺癌和 COPD 的不同免疫学方面,并特别关注与非吸烟相关的危险因素。