食物恐新症和口腔健康对社区居住老年人营养状况的影响。

Effects of food neophobia and oral health on the nutritional status of community-dwelling older adults.

机构信息

Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Nursing and Social Welfare, Kyushu University of Nursing and Social Welfare, 888, Tomio, Tamana-shi, Kumamoto, 865-0062, Japan.

Faculty of Medicine School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan.

出版信息

BMC Geriatr. 2022 Apr 18;22(1):334. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-03013-7.

DOI:10.1186/s12877-022-03013-7

PMID:35436942

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9014621/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Food preferences and oral health of older adults greatly affect their nutritional intake, and old-age-related increase in food neophobia may consequently reduce food intake in older adults. This study aimed to determine the impact of food neophobia and oral health on nutritional risk in community-dwelling older adults.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study included 238 independent adults aged ≥ 65 years (mean, 76.3 ± 7.3 years). The survey items included a Food Neophobia Scale, frequency of protein intake, oral-health-related quality of life (QOL) assessment, and oral diadochokinesis (ODK; /pa/, /ta/, /ka/) as an index of oral function. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment®, and based on a cutoff value of 24 points, respondents were categorized as well-nourished (≥ 24 points, Group 1) or at risk of malnutrition (< 24 points, Group 2). A logistic regression model was used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (adj-OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) to identify risks factors for malnutrition associated with food neophobia and oral health.

RESULTS

Factors associated with the risk of malnutrition in the older population were higher food neophobia (adj-OR = 1.036, 95% CI: 1.007-1.067) and lower oral function (OR = 0.992, 95% CI: 0.985-0.999) and lower oral-health-related QOL (adj-OR = 0.963, 95% CI: 0.929-0.999).

CONCLUSIONS

Older adults at risk of developing malnutrition may have higher food neophobia and lower oral function and oral-health-related QOL. Factors contributing to preventing malnutrition include predicting the risk of malnutrition based on the oral health indicators that older people are aware of, signs appearing in the oral cavity, minor deterioration, and providing dietary guidance about food neophobia. Notably, these approaches represent novel strategies for nutrition support that can be implemented based on a multifaceted understanding of the eating habits of older adults.

摘要

背景

老年人的食物偏好和口腔健康极大地影响其营养摄入，而与年龄相关的食物恐新症增加可能会导致老年人的食物摄入量减少。本研究旨在确定食物恐新症和口腔健康对社区居住的老年人营养风险的影响。

方法

本横断面研究纳入了 238 名独立的≥65 岁老年人（平均年龄 76.3±7.3 岁）。调查项目包括食物恐新量表、蛋白质摄入频率、口腔健康相关生活质量（QOL）评估以及口腔双音节词（/pa/、/ta/、/ka/）测试作为口腔功能的指标。营养状况采用 Mini Nutritional Assessment®进行评估，并根据 24 分的截断值将受访者分为营养良好（≥24 分，第 1 组）或存在营养不良风险（＜24 分，第 2 组）。采用逻辑回归模型计算调整后的优势比（adj-OR）及其 95%置信区间（CI），以确定与食物恐新症和口腔健康相关的营养不良风险因素。

结果

与老年人营养不良风险相关的因素包括较高的食物恐新症（adj-OR=1.036，95%CI：1.007-1.067）、较低的口腔功能（OR=0.992，95%CI：0.985-0.999）和较低的口腔健康相关 QOL（adj-OR=0.963，95%CI：0.929-0.999）。

结论

有发生营养不良风险的老年人可能具有较高的食物恐新症以及较低的口腔功能和口腔健康相关 QOL。预防营养不良的因素包括根据老年人了解的口腔健康指标、口腔出现的迹象、轻微恶化以及关于食物恐新症的饮食指导来预测营养不良风险。值得注意的是，这些方法代表了一种基于对老年人饮食习惯的多方面理解的营养支持的新策略。