美国普通人群中有机磷杀虫剂暴露与性激素：一项横断面研究。
Organophosphorus insecticides exposure and sex hormones in general U.S. population: A cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Zhang Yuqing, Wu Wanke, Zhu Xingdi, Wu Jiangping, Wu Xiaoli
机构信息
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.
School of the First Clinical Mediine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
出版信息
Environ Res. 2022 Dec;215(Pt 2):114384. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114384. Epub 2022 Sep 21.
BACKGROUND
Evidence showed organophosphorus (OPs) insecticide exposure is common in general population with endocrine-disrupting effects. However, the association between OPs metabolites and sex hormones remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the association between OPs metabolites and sex hormones.
METHODS
Data of 1438 participants from NHANES 2015-2016 was applied. Urinary OPs metabolites, dialkyl phosphates (DAPs), and serum sex hormones (total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)) were measured. Free androgen index (FAI) and TT/E ratio were also calculated. The generalized linear regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were employed to evaluate the association and exposure-response curve of DAPs and sex hormones in males and females. The modulation effect of age on their associations in female participants was also explored.
RESULTS
After adjusting for confounding factors, DETP was negatively associated with E (β = -0.03; 95% CI: -0.05, -0.01) and FAI (β = -0.03; 95% CI: -0.06, -0.001) in males. In females, all the four DAP metabolites (DMP, DEP, DMTP, and DETP) were negatively associated with FAI (DMP: β = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.11, -0.01; DEP: β = -0.06, 95% CI: -0.12, -0.01; DMTP: -0.05, 95% CI: -0.09, -0.02; DETP: -0.09, 95% CI: -0.14, -0.04). DETP was also found negatively associated with TT and TT/E ratio in females. The associations between DETP and TT, FAI, and TT/E ratio were modified by gender (P<0.05). RCS analysis found these associations were in linear decreased exposure-response curves. For females of different age groups, the inverse associations of DETP with TT and FAI remained stable. Decreased FAI with DMP and DMTP was also found in females ≤50 years old.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study indicates OPs metabolites had negative associations with androgen indicators, which was characterized as decreased FAI and E in males and decreased TT, FAI, and TT/E ratio in females, particularly among females ≤50 years old. Further studies are warranted in larger-scale populations.
背景
有证据表明，有机磷（OPs）杀虫剂暴露在普通人群中很常见，且具有内分泌干扰作用。然而，OPs代谢物与性激素之间的关联仍不清楚。
目的
探讨OPs代谢物与性激素之间的关联。
方法
应用2015 - 2016年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）中1438名参与者的数据。测量了尿中OPs代谢物二烷基磷酸酯（DAPs）以及血清性激素（总睾酮（TT）、雌二醇（E）和性激素结合球蛋白（SHBG））。还计算了游离雄激素指数（FAI）和TT/E比值。采用广义线性回归模型和受限立方样条（RCS）模型评估男性和女性中DAPs与性激素的关联及暴露 - 反应曲线。还探讨了年龄对女性参与者中它们之间关联的调节作用。
结果
在调整混杂因素后，男性中DETP与E（β = -0.03；95%置信区间：-0.05，-0.01）和FAI（β = -0.03；95%置信区间：-0.06，-0.001）呈负相关。在女性中，所有四种DAP代谢物（DMP、DEP、DMTP和DETP）均与FAI呈负相关（DMP：β = -0.06，95%置信区间：-0.11，-0.01；DEP：β = -0.06，95%置信区间：-0.12，-0.01；DMTP：-0.05，95%置信区间：-0.09，-0.02；DETP：-0.09，95%置信区间：-0.14，-0.04）。还发现女性中DETP与TT和TT/E比值呈负相关。DETP与TT、FAI和TT/E比值之间的关联存在性别差异（P<0.05）。RCS分析发现这些关联呈线性下降的暴露 - 反应曲线。对于不同年龄组的女性，DETP与TT和FAI的负相关关系保持稳定。在≤50岁的女性中，还发现DMP和DMTP与FAI降低有关。
结论
我们的研究表明，OPs代谢物与雄激素指标呈负相关，其特征为男性中FAI和E降低，女性中TT、FAI和TT/E比值降低，尤其是在≤50岁的女性中。有必要在更大规模人群中进行进一步研究。
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