Discovery of dual tubulin-NEDDylation inhibitors with antiproliferative activity.

Although various dual-target tubulin inhibitors have been designed and synthesised, no dual tubulin-NEDDylation inhibitors as antiproliferative agents were reported so far. In this work, a series of trimethoxyphenyl analogues as potential dual tubulin-NEDDylation inhibitors were synthesised and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity. Among them, compound exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity with IC values of 1.17, 2.48, and 1.47 μM against HepG2, PC3, and MCF7 cells, respectively. In addition, it displayed the potent inhibitory activity against tubulin with an IC value of 2.40 μM and obviously inhibited tubulin polymerisation in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, inhibited NEDDylation by a ATP-dependent manner. Molecular docking studies revealed that the methoxy group and dithiocarbamate group of could form hydrogen bonds with residues of tubulin and E1 NEDD8-activating enzyme (NAE). These results suggested that compound was a dual tubulin-NEDDylation inhibitor with antiproliferative activity.