National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
Department of Endocrinology, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China.
Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2023 Feb;39(2):e3592. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.3592. Epub 2022 Nov 29.
This study investigated insulinoma-associated-2 autoantibody (IA-2A) and zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) distribution in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and latent autoimmune diabetes (LAD) and the autoantibodies' association with clinical characteristics and HLA-DR-DQ genes.
This cross-sectional study recruited 17,536 patients with diabetes from 46 hospitals across China. A total of 189 patients with T1D and 58 patients with LAD with IA-2A positivity, 126 patients with T1D and 86 patients with LAD with ZnT8A positivity, and 231 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were selected to evaluate islet autoantibodies, clinical phenotypes, and HLA-DR-DQ gene frequency.
IA-2A was bimodally distributed in patients with T1D and LAD. Patients with low IA-2A titre LAD had lower fasting C-peptide (FCP) (p < 0.01), lower postprandial C-peptide (PCP) (p < 0.001), and higher haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (p < 0.05) than patients with T2D. Patients with high IA-2A titre LAD were younger than patients with low IA-2A titre LAD (p < 0.05). Patients with low IA-2A titre T1D had lower FCP (p < 0.01), lower PCP (p < 0.01), and higher HbA1c levels (p < 0.05) than patients with high IA-2A titre LAD. HLA-DR-DQ genetic analysis demonstrated that the frequency of susceptible HLA haplotypes was higher in IA-2A-positive patients (p < 0.001) than in patients with T2D. Patients with high ZnT8A titre LAD had lower FCP (p = 0.045), lower PCP (p = 0.023), and higher HbA1c levels (p = 0.009) and a higher frequency of total susceptible haplotypes (p < 0.001) than patients with low ZnT8A titre LAD.
IA-2A in patients with T1D and LAD was bimodally distributed, and the presence of IA-2A could demonstrate partial LAD clinical characteristics. ZnT8A titre had a certain predictive value for islet functions in patients with LAD.
本研究旨在探讨胰岛素瘤相关-2 自身抗体(IA-2A)和锌转运体 8 自身抗体(ZnT8A)在 1 型糖尿病(T1D)和潜伏性自身免疫性糖尿病(LAD)患者中的分布情况,以及这些自身抗体与临床特征和 HLA-DR-DQ 基因的关系。
本横断面研究共纳入了来自中国 46 家医院的 17536 名糖尿病患者。其中,189 名 T1D 患者和 58 名 LAD 患者的 IA-2A 呈阳性,126 名 T1D 患者和 86 名 LAD 患者的 ZnT8A 呈阳性,231 名 2 型糖尿病(T2D)患者被选为评估胰岛自身抗体、临床表型和 HLA-DR-DQ 基因频率。
IA-2A 在 T1D 和 LAD 患者中呈双峰分布。低 IA-2A 滴度 LAD 患者的空腹 C 肽(FCP)水平较低(p<0.01),餐后 C 肽(PCP)水平较低(p<0.001),糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平较高(p<0.05),而与 T2D 患者相比。高 IA-2A 滴度 LAD 患者的年龄比低 IA-2A 滴度 LAD 患者小(p<0.05)。低 IA-2A 滴度 T1D 患者的 FCP 水平较低(p<0.01),PCP 水平较低(p<0.01),HbA1c 水平较高(p<0.05),而与高 IA-2A 滴度 LAD 患者相比。HLA-DR-DQ 遗传分析表明,IA-2A 阳性患者易感 HLA 单倍型的频率高于 T2D 患者(p<0.001)。高 ZnT8A 滴度 LAD 患者的 FCP 水平较低(p=0.045),PCP 水平较低(p=0.023),HbA1c 水平较高(p=0.009),总易感单倍型的频率较高(p<0.001),而低 ZnT8A 滴度 LAD 患者的 FCP 水平较低(p=0.045),PCP 水平较低(p=0.023),HbA1c 水平较高(p=0.009),总易感单倍型的频率较高(p<0.001)。
T1D 和 LAD 患者的 IA-2A 呈双峰分布,IA-2A 的存在可显示部分 LAD 临床特征。ZnT8A 滴度对 LAD 患者胰岛功能有一定的预测价值。