Semi-Biosynthetic Production of Surface-Binding Adhesive Antimicrobial Peptides Using Intein-Mediated Protein Ligation.

Microbial infections remain a global health concern, calling for the urgent need to implement effective prevention measures. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been extensively studied as potential antimicrobial coating agents. However, an efficient and economical method for AMP production is lacking. Here, we synthesized the direct coating adhesive AMP, NKC-DOPA, composed of NKC, a potent AMP, and repeats of the adhesive amino acid 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) via an intein-mediated protein ligation strategy. NKC was expressed as a soluble fusion protein His-NKC-GyrA (HNG) in , comprising an N-terminal 6× His-tag and a C-terminal GyrA intein. The HNG protein was efficiently produced in a 500-L fermenter, with a titer of 1.63 g/L. The NKC-thioester was released from the purified HNG fusion protein by thiol attack and subsequently ligated with chemically synthesized Cys-DOPA. The ligated peptide His-NKC-Cys-DOPA was obtained at a yield of 88.7%. The purified His-NKC-Cys-DOPA possessed surface-binding and antimicrobial properties identical to those of the peptide obtained via solid-phase peptide synthesis. His-NKC-Cys-DOPA can be applied as a practical and functional antimicrobial coating to various materials, such as medical devices and home appliances.