什么是自闭症倦怠？对两个在线平台上帖子的主题分析。
What Is Autistic Burnout? A Thematic Analysis of Posts on Two Online Platforms.
作者信息
Mantzalas Jane, Richdale Amanda L, Adikari Achini, Lowe Jennifer, Dissanayake Cheryl
机构信息
Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
出版信息
Autism Adulthood. 2022 Mar 1;4(1):52-65. doi: 10.1089/aut.2021.0021. Epub 2022 Mar 9.
BACKGROUND
Compared with adults in the general population, autistic adults are more likely to experience poor mental health, which can contribute to increased suicidality. While the autistic community has long identified autistic burnout as a significant mental health risk, to date, only one study has been published. Early research has highlighted the harmful impact of autistic burnout among autistic adults and the urgent need to better understand this phenomenon.
METHODS
To understand the lived experiences of autistic adults, we used data scraping to extract public posts about autistic burnout from 2 online platforms shared between 2005 and 2019, which yielded 1127 posts. Using reflexive thematic analysis and an inductive "bottom-up" approach, we sought to understand the etiology, symptoms, and impact of autistic burnout, as well as prevention and recovery strategies. Two autistic researchers with self-reported experience of autistic burnout reviewed the themes and provided insight and feedback.
RESULTS
We identified eight primary themes and three subthemes across the data. (1) Systemic, pervasive lack of autism awareness. (1.1) Discrimination and stigma. (2) A chronic or recurrent condition. (3) Direct impact on health and well-being. (4) A life unlived. (5) A blessing in disguise? (6) Self-awareness and personal control influence risk. (6.1) "You need enough balloons to manage the weight of the rocks." (7) Masking: Damned if you do, damned if you don't. (8) Ask the experts. (8.1) Stronger together. The overarching theme was that a pervasive lack of awareness and stigma about autism underlie autistic burnout.
CONCLUSIONS
We identified a set of distinct yet interrelated factors that characterize autistic burnout as a recurring condition that can, directly and indirectly, impact autistic people's functioning, mental health, quality of life, and well-being. The findings suggest that increased awareness and acceptance of autism could be key to burnout prevention and recovery.
背景
与普通人群中的成年人相比，自闭症成年人更容易出现心理健康问题，这可能导致自杀倾向增加。虽然自闭症群体长期以来一直将自闭症倦怠视为重大的心理健康风险，但迄今为止，仅有一项相关研究发表。早期研究强调了自闭症倦怠对自闭症成年人的有害影响，以及更好地理解这一现象的迫切需求。
方法
为了解自闭症成年人的生活经历，我们通过数据抓取从2005年至2019年期间共享的2个在线平台上提取了关于自闭症倦怠的公开帖子，共获得1127篇帖子。我们采用反思性主题分析和归纳性“自下而上”的方法，试图了解自闭症倦怠的病因、症状和影响，以及预防和恢复策略。两名有自闭症倦怠自我报告经历的自闭症研究人员对这些主题进行了审查，并提供了见解和反馈。
结果
我们在数据中确定了八个主要主题和三个子主题。（1）系统性、普遍存在的自闭症认知不足。（1.1）歧视和污名化。（2）一种慢性或复发性状况。（3）对健康和幸福的直接影响。（4）未真正活过的人生。（5）因祸得福？（6）自我意识和个人控制影响风险。（6.1）“你需要足够的气球来承受石头的重量。”（7）伪装：做也该死，不做也该死。（8）咨询专家。（8.1）团结更强大。总体主题是，对自闭症普遍缺乏认知和污名化是自闭症倦怠的根本原因。
结论
我们确定了一组独特但相互关联的因素，这些因素将自闭症倦怠描述为一种复发性状况，可直接或间接影响自闭症患者的功能、心理健康、生活质量和幸福感。研究结果表明，提高对自闭症的认知和接受度可能是预防和恢复倦怠的关键。
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