Global, regional, and national burden of ambient and household PM-related neonatal disorders, 1990-2019.

Previous studies have shown a relationship between fine particulate matter (PM) exposure and an increased risk of neonatal disorders. Considering the huge burden of neonatal disorders, we assessed spatiotemporal trends of neonatal disorders burden caused by ambient and household PM at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2019. The number, rate, and population attributable fraction (PAF) of ambient and household PM-related neonatal disorders disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 to measure the related neonatal disorders burden by age, sex, subtype, and region. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was estimated to quantify temporal trends. In 2019, approximately a fifth of the global neonatal disorders burden was attributable to PM exposure, with 7.54% for ambient PM and 13.23% for household PM. Although the global neonatal disorders burden attributable to household PM has decreased substantially in the past 30 years, that attributable to ambient PM has increased, especially in lower sociodemographic index (SDI) regions. The highest rate and PAF of ambient PM-related neonatal disorders DALYs in 2019 were in South Asia and East Asia, respectively, and the fastest increases were in Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa (for rate: EAPC = 2.55, 95% CI: 2.37-2.73) and South Asia (for PAF: EAPC = 3.88, 95% CI: 3.68-4.08). In addition, we found an inverted V-shaped between rates and PAFs of ambient PM-related neonatal disorders DALYs in 2019, as well as corresponding EAPCs, and SDI, while rates and PAFs of household PM-related neonatal disorders DALYs in 2019 were highly negatively correlated with SDI. In the past three decades, the global ambient PM-related neonatal disorders burden largely increased, especially in lower SDI regions. Comparatively, the household PM-related neonatal disorders burden decreased but still accounted for about two-thirds of the PM-related neonatal disease burden.