光学相干断层扫描
Optical coherence tomography.
作者信息
Bouma B E, de Boer J F, Huang D, Jang I K, Yonetsu T, Leggett C L, Leitgeb R, Sampson D D, Suter M, Vakoc B, Villiger M, Wojtkowski M
机构信息
Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Institute for Medical Engineering and Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
出版信息
Nat Rev Methods Primers. 2022;2. doi: 10.1038/s43586-022-00162-2. Epub 2022 Oct 13.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-contact method for imaging the topological and internal microstructure of samples in three dimensions. OCT can be configured as a conventional microscope, as an ophthalmic scanner, or using endoscopes and small diameter catheters for accessing internal biological organs. In this Primer, we describe the principles underpinning the different instrument configurations that are tailored to distinct imaging applications and explain the origin of signal, based on light scattering and propagation. Although OCT has been used for imaging inanimate objects, we focus our discussion on biological and medical imaging. We examine the signal processing methods and algorithms that make OCT exquisitely sensitive to reflections as weak as just a few photons and that reveal functional information in addition to structure. Image processing, display and interpretation, which are all critical for effective biomedical imaging, are discussed in the context of specific applications. Finally, we consider image artifacts and limitations that commonly arise and reflect on future advances and opportunities.
光学相干断层扫描（OCT）是一种用于对样品的拓扑结构和内部微观结构进行三维成像的非接触式方法。OCT可以配置为传统显微镜、眼科扫描仪，也可以使用内窥镜和小直径导管来进入内部生物器官。在本入门指南中，我们描述了为不同成像应用量身定制的不同仪器配置所依据的原理，并基于光散射和传播解释了信号的来源。尽管OCT已用于对无生命物体进行成像，但我们的讨论重点是生物和医学成像。我们研究了使OCT对仅几个光子一样微弱的反射极其敏感并能揭示除结构之外的功能信息的信号处理方法和算法。在特定应用的背景下讨论了对有效的生物医学成像至关重要的图像处理、显示和解释。最后，我们考虑了常见的图像伪影和局限性，并思考未来的进展和机遇。
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