2018 年美国成年人对流感特异性疫苗接种的犹豫情况。
Prevalence of influenza-specific vaccination hesitancy among adults in the United States, 2018.
机构信息
Leidos Incorporated, Atlanta, GA, USA; Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
出版信息
Vaccine. 2023 Apr 6;41(15):2572-2581. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.008. Epub 2023 Mar 10.
BACKGROUND
The role of vaccine hesitancy on influenza vaccination is not clearly understood. Low influenza vaccination coverage in U.S. adults suggests that a multitude of factors may be responsible for under-vaccination or non-vaccination including vaccine hesitancy. Understanding the role of influenza vaccination hesitancy is important for targeted messaging and intervention to increase influenza vaccine confidence and uptake. The objective of this study was to quantify the prevalence of adult influenza vaccination hesitancy (IVH) and examine association of IVH beliefs with sociodemographic factors and early-season influenza vaccination.
METHODS
A four-question validated IVH module was included in the 2018 National Internet Flu Survey. Weighted proportions and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify correlates of IVH beliefs.
RESULTS
Overall, 36.9% of adults were hesitant to receive an influenza vaccination; 18.6% expressed concerns about vaccination side effects; 14.8% personally knew someone with serious side effects; and 35.6% reported that their healthcare provider was not the most trusted source of information about influenza vaccinations. Influenza vaccination ranged from 15.3 to 45.2 percentage points lower among adults self-reporting any of the four IVH beliefs. Being female, age 18-49 years, non-Hispanic Black, having high school or lower education, being employed, and not having primary care medical home were associated with hesitancy.
CONCLUSIONS
Among the four IVH beliefs studied, being hesitant to receiving influenza vaccination followed by mistrust of healthcare providers were identified as the most influential hesitancy beliefs. Two in five adults in the United States were hesitant to receive an influenza vaccination, and hesitancy was negatively associated with vaccination. This information may assist with targeted interventions, personalized to the individual, to reduce hesitancy and thus improve influenza vaccination acceptance.
背景
疫苗犹豫对流感疫苗接种的作用尚不清楚。美国成年人的流感疫苗接种率较低，这表明多种因素可能导致疫苗接种不足或未接种，包括疫苗犹豫。了解流感疫苗接种犹豫的作用对于增加流感疫苗信心和接种率的有针对性的信息传递和干预措施很重要。本研究的目的是量化成人流感疫苗接种犹豫（IVH）的流行率，并检查 IVH 信念与社会人口因素和早期流感疫苗接种的关联。
方法
在 2018 年国家互联网流感调查中纳入了一个四问题验证的 IVH 模块。使用加权比例和多变量逻辑回归模型来确定 IVH 信念的相关因素。
结果
总体而言，36.9%的成年人对接种流感疫苗犹豫不决；18.6%对疫苗副作用表示担忧；14.8%个人认识有严重副作用的人；35.6%表示他们的医疗保健提供者不是有关流感疫苗接种的最可信信息来源。在报告任何四种 IVH 信念之一的成年人中，流感疫苗接种率比报告没有 IVH 信念的成年人低 15.3 至 45.2 个百分点。女性、18-49 岁、非西班牙裔黑人、高中或以下学历、受雇以及没有初级保健医疗之家与犹豫不决有关。
结论
在所研究的四种 IVH 信念中，对接种流感疫苗犹豫不决以及对医疗保健提供者的不信任被认为是最具影响力的犹豫信念。美国五分之二的成年人对接种流感疫苗犹豫不决，而且犹豫不决与疫苗接种呈负相关。这些信息可能有助于针对个人的有针对性的干预措施，以减少犹豫情绪，从而提高流感疫苗接种率。
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