城市印度人群中 COVID-19 的流行病学模式及其与牙周健康的关系。
Epidemiological pattern of COVID-19 and its association with periodontal health in an urban Indian cohort.
机构信息
Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India.
Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2023 Mar 27;11:1108465. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1108465. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND
Studies have highlighted a possible influence of gingival and periodontal disease (PD) on COVID-19 risk and severity. However, the evidence is based on hospital-based studies and community-level data are sparse.
OBJECTIVES
We described the epidemiological pattern of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Delhi and evaluated the associations of gingival and PD with incident COVID-19 disease in a regionally representative urban Indian population.
METHODS
In a prospective study nested within the Centre for Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South-Asia (CARRS) study, participants with clinical gingival and periodontal status available at baseline (2014-16) ( = 1,727) were approached between October 2021 to March 2022. Information on COVID-19 incidence, testing, management, severity was collected as per the WHO case criteria along with COVID-19 vaccination status. Absolute incidence of COVID-19 disease was computed by age, sex, and oral health. Differences in rates were tested using log-rank test. Poisson regression models were used to evaluate independent associations between gingival and PD and incidence of COVID-19, adjusted for socio-demographic and behavioral factors, presence of comorbidity, and medication use.
RESULTS
Among 1,727 participants, the mean age was 44.0 years, 45.7% were men, 84.5% participants had baseline gingival or PD and 89.4% participants had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Overall, 35% ( = 606) participants were tested for COVID-19 and 24% ( = 146/606) tested positive. As per the WHO criteria total number of cases was 210, constituting 12% of the total population. The age and sex-specific rates of COVID-19 were higher among men and older participants, but women aged >60 years had higher rates than men of same age. The incidence rate did not differ significantly between those having gingival or PD and healthy periodontium (19.1 vs. 16.5/1,000 person-years) and there was no difference in risk of COVID-19 by baseline oral disease status.
CONCLUSION
Gingival and PD were not associated with increased risk of COVID-19.
背景
研究强调了牙龈和牙周疾病（PD）对 COVID-19 风险和严重程度的可能影响。然而，这些证据基于医院研究，社区层面的数据很少。
目的
我们描述了德里地区 SARS-CoV-2 感染的流行病学模式，并评估了在一个具有地区代表性的印度城市人群中，牙龈和 PD 与 COVID-19 疾病发病的相关性。
方法
在南亚心脏代谢风险降低中心（CARRS）研究中进行的一项前瞻性研究中，对基线时具有临床牙龈和牙周状况的参与者（2014-16 年）（ = 1727）进行了研究。在 2021 年 10 月至 2022 年 3 月期间，收集了 COVID-19 发病率、检测、管理和严重程度的信息，以及 COVID-19 疫苗接种状况。按照世界卫生组织的病例标准，根据年龄、性别和口腔健康计算 COVID-19 疾病的绝对发病率。使用对数秩检验测试差异。使用泊松回归模型，在调整社会人口统计学和行为因素、合并症的存在以及药物使用的情况下，评估牙龈和 PD 与 COVID-19 发病的独立相关性。
结果
在 1727 名参与者中，平均年龄为 44.0 岁，45.7%为男性，84.5%的参与者基线时患有牙龈或 PD，89.4%的参与者至少接种了一剂 COVID-19 疫苗。总体而言，35%（ = 606）的参与者接受了 COVID-19 检测，24%（ = 146/606）检测呈阳性。根据世界卫生组织的标准，总病例数为 210 例，占总人数的 12%。在男性和年龄较大的参与者中，COVID-19 的年龄和性别特异性发病率较高，但年龄>60 岁的女性比同龄男性的发病率更高。牙龈或 PD 与健康牙周病的 COVID-19 发病率没有显著差异（19.1 与 16.5/1000 人年），基线口腔疾病状况与 COVID-19 风险无差异。
结论
牙龈和 PD 与 COVID-19 风险增加无关。
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