Effects of risk factors and prophylactic treatment on primary glaucoma in the dog.

Seventy dogs from 26 breeds were admitted with primary glaucoma between January 1979 and December 1983. Compared with mixed-breed dogs, 8 breeds were at higher risk (P less than 0.01) of developing glaucoma: Basset Hound, Beagle, Boston Terrier, Cocker Spaniel, Dalmatian, Miniature Poodle, Norwegian Elkhound, and Siberian Husky. Dogs between the ages of 5 and 10 years were at increased risk (P less than 0.001). There was no predisposition for either eye to be affected first (P greater than 0.55). Females were at twice the risk of males (P less than 0.01). Fourteen dogs had bilateral glaucoma. Among 46 dogs for which the number of months that the second eye remained normal was available, 24 were treated prophylactically and 22 were not treated or had treatment stopped. Prophylactic treatment significantly extended the interval between diagnosis in the first eye and development of glaucoma in the second eye for dogs in predisposed breeds (P less than 0.01). Prophylactic treatment did not make a difference when all breeds were considered (P greater than 0.19), nor did gender affect this interval (P greater than 0.37).