The burden of anxiety among a nationally representative US adult population.

BACKGROUND

Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent and are associated with a significant humanistic and economic burden. This study evaluates the impact of anxiety symptoms on direct and indirect costs and quality of life in individuals with self-reported and unrecognized anxiety symptoms.

METHODS

The 2019 US National Health and Wellness Survey database was analyzed to compare individuals with anxiety symptoms to individuals without symptoms, stratified by responses to a yes/no question about experiencing anxiety symptoms, and further stratified by severity of symptoms based on GAD-7 scores. Individuals who responded 'yes' were characterized as having self-reported anxiety symptoms, and those who responded 'no' were screened for unrecognized anxiety symptoms.

RESULTS

Overall, 44.0 % of the population experienced anxiety symptoms, of which 32.5 % self-reported experiencing anxiety, while an additional 11.5 % had mild to severe symptoms but did not self-identify as having anxiety. Both groups experienced significantly worse quality of life, and higher direct and indirect costs than a control group who had no anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 ≤ 4). Individuals with more severe anxiety symptoms experienced worse outcomes.

LIMITATIONS

The data were cross-sectional, so causality could not be determined. Outcomes were based on self-report, and are therefore subject to reporting and recall bias. Prevalence and severity were assessed using the GAD-7, and not clinically validated.

CONCLUSION

A substantial proportion of the population experiences anxiety symptoms without recognizing it. Anxiety symptoms had a significant impact on quality of life, direct costs, and indirect costs, representing a considerable burden that increased with severity of illness.