Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California.
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2023 Dec;131(6):694-702. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.08.610. Epub 2023 Sep 7.
Increased use of fossil fuels has led to global warming with concomitant increases in the severity and frequency of extreme weather events such as wildfires and sand and dust storms. These changes have led to increases in air pollutants such as particulate matter and greenhouse gases. Global warming is also associated with increases in pollen season length and pollen concentration. Particulate matter, greenhouse gases, and pollen synergistically increase the incidence and severity of allergic diseases. Other indirect factors such as droughts, flooding, thunderstorms, heat waves, water pollution, human migration, deforestation, loss of green space, and decreasing biodiversity (including microbial diversity) also affect the incidence and severity of allergic disease. Global warming and extreme weather events are expected to increase in the coming decades, and further increases in allergic diseases are expected, exacerbating the already high health care burden associated with these diseases. There is an urgent need to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change to improve human health. Human health and planetary health are connected and the concept of One Health, which is an integrated, unifying approach to balance and optimize the health of people, animals, and the environment needs to be emphasized. Clinicians are trusted members of the community, and they need to take a strong leadership role in educating patients on climate change and its adverse effects on human health. They also need to advocate for policy changes that decrease the use of fossil fuels and increase biodiversity and green space to enable a healthier and more sustainable future.
化石燃料的大量使用导致了全球变暖,随之而来的是野火、沙尘暴等极端天气事件的严重程度和频率的增加。这些变化导致了空气污染物如颗粒物和温室气体的增加。全球变暖还与花粉季节长度和花粉浓度的增加有关。颗粒物、温室气体和花粉协同作用,增加了过敏性疾病的发病率和严重程度。其他间接因素,如干旱、洪水、雷暴、热浪、水污染、人类迁移、森林砍伐、绿地减少和生物多样性(包括微生物多样性)的减少,也会影响过敏性疾病的发病率和严重程度。预计未来几十年全球变暖及极端天气事件将增加,过敏性疾病也将进一步增加,加剧了这些疾病已经给卫生保健带来的沉重负担。迫切需要减轻和适应气候变化的影响,以改善人类健康。人类健康和地球健康是相互关联的,需要强调“同一健康”的概念,这是一种综合的、统一的方法,旨在平衡和优化人类、动物和环境的健康。临床医生是社区中值得信赖的成员,他们需要在教育患者了解气候变化及其对人类健康的不利影响方面发挥强有力的领导作用。他们还需要倡导政策的改变,减少化石燃料的使用,增加生物多样性和绿地,以实现更健康和更可持续的未来。