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幼儿园儿童的疫苗接种覆盖情况和学校疫苗要求豁免情况 - 美国,2022-23 学年。

Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption from School Vaccine Requirements Among Children in Kindergarten - United States, 2022-23 School Year.

出版信息

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023 Nov 10;72(45):1217-1224. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7245a2.

Abstract

U.S. states and local jurisdictions set vaccination requirements for school attendance and conditions and procedures for exemptions from these requirements. States annually report data to CDC on the number of children in kindergarten who meet, are exempt from, or are in the process of meeting requirements. National- and state-level estimates for complete vaccination with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR); diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP); poliovirus vaccine (polio); and varicella vaccine (VAR); exemptions from vaccination; and legally allowed kindergarten attendance while meeting requirements were based on data reported by 49 states and the District of Columbia (DC) for the 2022-23 school year. This kindergarten class became age-eligible to complete most state-required vaccinations during the COVID-19 pandemic. National coverage remained near 93% for all vaccines; exemptions were low but increased to 3%, compared with those during the 2021-22 school year (2.6%). At the state level, coverage with MMR, DTaP, polio, and VAR decreased in 29, 31, 28, and 25 states, respectively, compared with coverage during the 2021-22 school year. Exemptions increased in 40 states and DC, with 10 states reporting an exemption from at least one vaccine for >5% of kindergartners. Schools and providers should work to ensure that students are vaccinated before school entry, such as during the enrollment process, which is often several months before school starts. State and local provisional enrollment periods that allow students to attend school while on a catch-up schedule also provide the opportunity to fully vaccinate students and to prevent nonmedical exemptions resulting from lingering undervaccination due to COVID-19 pandemic-related barriers to vaccination, such as reduced access to vaccination appointments.

摘要

美国各州和地方司法管辖区制定了针对学校出勤率的疫苗接种要求,以及这些要求的豁免条件和程序。各州每年向疾控中心报告幼儿园符合、豁免或正在满足要求的儿童人数。麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹疫苗(MMR);白喉、破伤风和无细胞百日咳疫苗(DTaP);脊髓灰质炎疫苗(脊髓灰质炎);和水痘疫苗(VAR)的完全接种;疫苗接种豁免;以及在满足要求的情况下合法允许上幼儿园的全国和州级估计数,是基于 49 个州和哥伦比亚特区(DC)报告的数据,这些数据是针对 2022-23 学年的。这个幼儿园班级在 COVID-19 大流行期间成为符合大多数州要求接种疫苗的年龄。全国所有疫苗的覆盖率仍接近 93%;豁免率较低,但与 2021-22 学年相比增加到 3%(2.6%)。在州一级,MMR、DTaP、脊髓灰质炎和 VAR 的覆盖率分别在 29、31、28 和 25 个州下降,与 2021-22 学年的覆盖率相比。在 40 个州和 DC,豁免率增加,其中 10 个州报告至少有 1 种疫苗的豁免率超过 5%的幼儿园儿童。学校和提供者应努力确保学生在入学前接种疫苗,例如在入学过程中,通常在开学前几个月。允许学生在追赶进度的同时上学的州和地方临时入学期也为学生接种疫苗提供了机会,并防止因 COVID-19 大流行相关的疫苗接种障碍(例如,减少接种预约机会)导致的未充分接种而产生非医学豁免。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/7065/10651323/74daf0e6f0f3/mm7245a2-F1.jpg

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