什么是系留元件？

What are tethering elements?

作者信息

Li Xiao, Levine Michael

机构信息

Lewis-Sigler Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/@XiaoLi5525.

Lewis-Sigler Institute, Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.

出版信息

Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2024 Feb;84:102151. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2023.102151. Epub 2024 Jan 18.

DOI:10.1016/j.gde.2023.102151

PMID:38237456

Abstract

High-resolution Micro-C maps identified a specialized class of regulatory DNAs termed 'tethering elements' (TEs) in Drosophila. These 300-500-bp elements facilitate specific long-range genomic associations or loops. The POZ-containing transcription factor GAF (GAGA-associated factor) contributes to loop formation. Tether-tether interactions accelerate Hox gene activation by distal enhancers, and coordinate transcription of duplicated genes (paralogs) through promoter-promoter associations. Some TEs engage in ultra-long-range enhancer-promoter and promoter-promoter interactions (meta-loops) in the Drosophila brain. We discuss the basis for tether-tether specificity and speculate on the occurrence of similar elements in vertebrate genomes.

摘要

高分辨率的微球菌核酸酶染色质构象捕获（Micro-C）图谱在果蝇中鉴定出一类特殊的调控性脱氧核糖核酸（DNA），称为“拴系元件”（TEs）。这些300 - 500碱基对的元件促进特定的长程基因组关联或环化。含POZ结构域的转录因子GAF（GAGA相关因子）有助于环化的形成。拴系元件之间的相互作用通过远端增强子加速同源框（Hox）基因的激活，并通过启动子 - 启动子关联协调重复基因（旁系同源基因）的转录。在果蝇大脑中，一些拴系元件参与超远程增强子 - 启动子和启动子 - 启动子相互作用（元环）。我们讨论了拴系元件之间特异性的基础，并推测脊椎动物基因组中类似元件的存在情况。