Humanin Treatment Protects Against Venetoclax-Induced Bone Growth Retardation in Cultured Rat Bones.

CONTEXT

Recent preclinical studies reported that the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax can impair bone growth. A strategy to prevent such a side effect of this promising anticancer drug is highly desired. Earlier and studies suggested that the mitochondrial peptide humanin has the potential to prevent drug-induced growth impairment.

OBJECTIVE

We hypothesized that co-treatment with the humanin analog HNG may prevent venetoclax-induced bone growth impairment.

METHODS

studies were performed in fetal rat metatarsal bones and human growth plate samples cultured for 12 and 2 days, respectively, while studies were performed in young neuroblastoma mice being treated daily for 14 days. The treatment groups included venetoclax, HNG, venetoclax plus HNG, or vehicle. Bone growth was continuously monitored and at the end point, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses were performed in fixed tissues.

RESULTS

Venetoclax suppressed metatarsal bone growth and when combined with HNG, bone growth was rescued and all histological parameters affected by venetoclax monotherapy were normalized. Mechanistic studies showed that HNG downregulated the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and p53 in cultured metatarsals and human growth plate tissues, respectively. The study in a neuroblastoma mouse model confirmed a growth-suppressive effect of venetoclax treatment. In this short-term study, no significant bone growth-rescuing effect could be verified when testing HNG at a single dose. We conclude that humanin dose-dependently protects cultured metatarsal bones from venetoclax-induced bone growth impairment by restoring the growth plate microstructure.