Convergence effect during spatiotemporal succession of lacustrine plastisphere: loss of priority effects and turnover of microbial species.

Succession is a fundamental aspect of ecological theory, but studies on temporal succession trajectories and ecological driving mechanisms of plastisphere microbial communities across diverse colonization environments remain scarce and poorly understood. To fill this knowledge gap, we assessed the primary colonizers, succession trajectories, assembly, and turnover mechanisms of plastisphere prokaryotes and eukaryotes from four freshwater lakes. Our results show that differences in microbial composition similarity, temporal turnover rate, and assembly processes in the plastisphere do not exclusively occur at the kingdom level (prokaryotes and eukaryotes), but also depend on environmental conditions and colonization time. Thereby, the time of plastisphere colonization has a stronger impact on community composition and assembly of prokaryotes than eukaryotes, whereas for environmental conditions, the opposite pattern holds true. Across all lakes, deterministic processes shaped the assembly of the prokaryotes, but stochastic processes influenced that of the eukaryotes. Yet, they share similar assembly processes throughout the temporal succession: species turnover over time causes the loss of any priority effect, which leads to a convergent succession of plastisphere microbial communities. The increase and loss of microbial diversity in different kingdoms during succession in the plastisphere potentially impact the stability of entire microbial communities and related biogeochemical cycles. Therefore, research needs to integrate temporal dynamics along with spatial turnovers of the plastisphere microbiome. Taking the heterogeneity of global lakes and the diversity of global climate patterns into account, we highlight the urgency to investigate the spatiotemporal succession mechanism of plastisphere prokaryotes and eukaryotes in more lakes around the world.