增加活动量可降低罗斯708和兰杰黄金肉鸡出现木质胸肉的几率。
Increased activity reduces the prevalence of woody breast in Ross 708 and Ranger Gold broilers.
作者信息
Hisasaga Cirenio, Makagon Maja M
机构信息
Department of Animal Science, Center for Animal Welfare, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Animal Biology Graduate Group, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Department of Animal Science, Center for Animal Welfare, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Animal Biology Graduate Group, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
出版信息
Poult Sci. 2024 Dec;103(12):104330. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104330. Epub 2024 Sep 12.
Woody or wooden breast (WB) is characterized by hardening and paleness of the Pectoralis major muscle and can affect up to 85% of broilers. We hypothesized that increased locomotor activity would lead to a lower prevalence of WB and increased tibia bone quality, with a greater effect on a faster growing than a slower growing broiler strain. Ross 708 (N = 188) and Ranger Gold (N = 213) broilers were raised in 3.05×3.05 m pens in groups of 23 to 24 and 26 to 27, respectively. Target ages for the Ross 708 and Ranger Gold birds were 42 and 56 d. There were 8 pens per strain: 4 assigned to an exercise treatment and 4 unexercised controls. An exercise regimen was applied for 10 min every hour for 6 h during each weekday with the goal of increasing frequency of standing and walking. A perch was placed between the feeder and drinker line in the exercise treatment pens to further promote broiler activity. WB severity was determined by palpation for all birds at the target age. Tibial bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The Fisher's Exact Test was used to determine treatment effects on the prevalence and severity of WB. Both prevalence (Ross 708: 77.5 vs. 90.5% control, P = 0.013; Ranger Gold: 57.9 vs. 76.4% control, P = 0.005) and severity (Ross 708: 12.9 vs. 24.2% control, P = 0.02; Ranger Gold: 4.7 vs. 0.02% control, P = 0.01) were reduced by treatment. The effects of strain, treatment and their interaction on tibial BMC and BMD were analyzed using linear mixed models. Only strain affected BMC (P = 0.003) and BMD (P = 0.03), with Ross 708 broilers having higher BMC (control: 3.246 g ± 0.061; treatment: 3.251 g ± 0.058) and BMD (control: 0.177 g/cm ± 0.002; treatment: 0.174 g/cm ± 0.002) values compared to Ranger Gold's BMC (control: 2.966 g ± 0.067; treatment: 2.987 g ± 0.064) and BMD (control: 0.168 g/cm ± 0.002; treatment: 0.168 g/cm ± 0.002) values. However, per unit of final body weight, Ranger Gold birds had a significantly higher BMC (P = 0.006) and BMD (P = 0.01) than Ross 708 broilers. Promoting broiler activity can reduce the prevalence and severity of WB prevalence in fast and slow growing broilers.
木质胸肌（WB）的特征是胸大肌硬化和颜色变浅，可影响高达85%的肉鸡。我们假设增加运动活动会降低WB的患病率并提高胫骨骨质，对生长较快的肉鸡品系的影响大于生长较慢的品系。罗斯708（N = 188）和兰杰黄金（N = 213）肉鸡分别以23至24只和26至27只为一组，饲养在3.05×3.05米的围栏中。罗斯708和兰杰黄金肉鸡的目标年龄分别为42天和56天。每个品系有8个围栏：4个分配给运动处理组，4个为未运动的对照组。在每个工作日，每小时进行10分钟的运动方案，持续6小时，目的是增加站立和行走的频率。在运动处理组的围栏中，在喂食器和饮水器线之间放置一个栖木，以进一步促进肉鸡活动。在目标年龄时，通过触诊确定所有鸡的WB严重程度。使用双能X射线吸收法测量胫骨骨矿物质含量（BMC）和骨矿物质密度（BMD）。采用Fisher精确检验来确定处理对WB患病率和严重程度的影响。处理降低了患病率（罗斯708：77.5%对对照组90.5%，P = 0.013；兰杰黄金：57.9%对对照组76.4%，P = 0.005）和严重程度（罗斯708：12.9%对对照组24.2%，P = 0.02；兰杰黄金：4.7%对对照组0.02%，P = 0.01）。使用线性混合模型分析品系、处理及其相互作用对胫骨BMC和BMD的影响。只有品系影响BMC（P = 0.003）和BMD（P = 0.03），与兰杰黄金肉鸡的BMC（对照组：2.966克±0.067；处理组：2.987克±0.064）和BMD（对照组：0.168克/厘米±0.002；处理组：0.168克/厘米±0.002）值相比，罗斯708肉鸡的BMC（对照组：3.246克±0.061；处理组：3.251克±0.058）和BMD（对照组：0.177克/厘米±0.002；处理组：0.174克/厘米±0.002）值更高。然而，按单位最终体重计算，兰杰黄金肉鸡的BMC（P = 0.006）和BMD（P = 0.01）显著高于罗斯708肉鸡。促进肉鸡活动可降低快、慢生长肉鸡WB的患病率和严重程度。
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