Metal-organic frameworks in oral drug delivery.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer innovative solutions to the limitations of traditional oral drug delivery systems through their unique combination of metal ions and organic ligands. This review systematically examines the structural properties and principles of MOFs, setting the stage for their application in drug delivery. It discusses various classes of MOFs, including those based on zirconium, iron, zinc, copper, titanium, aluminum, potassium, and magnesium, assessing their drug-loading capacities, biocompatibility, and controlled release mechanisms. The effectiveness of MOFs is illustrated through case studies that highlight their capabilities in enhancing drug solubility, providing protection against the harsh gastrointestinal environment, and enabling precise drug release. The review addresses potential challenges, particularly the toxicity concerns associated with MOFs, and calls for further research into their biocompatibility and interactions with biological systems. It concludes by emphasizing the potential of MOFs in revolutionizing oral drug delivery, highlighting the critical need for comprehensive research to harness their full potential in clinical applications.