中国中学生健康状况不佳可能与心理症状和睡眠时间有关：中国的一项横断面调查。
Suboptimal health among Chinese middle school students may be associated with psychological symptoms and sleep duration: a cross-sectional survey in China.
机构信息
School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China.
Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2024 Nov 12;24(1):3137. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20658-8.
BACKGROUND
Suboptimal health status (SHS) is an intermediate status between ideal heath and illness, it is characterized by the perception of health complaints, general weakness, decreased immunity and low energy. An increasing number of Chinese middle school students are suffering from psychological symptoms (PS), particularly anxiety and depression. The relationship between SHS and PS is unclear in adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of SHS and the correlation between SHS and PS among Chinese middle school students and to identify the SHS-related risk factors from the perspective of public health.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted with the cluster sampling method among 1955 middle school students in Shantou, China. SHS was assessed by Suboptimal Health Status Questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25). And the PS of anxiety and depression were assessed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and Beck Depression Inventory-II Scale (BDI-II) self-assessment questionnaires. Variate logistic analysis was applied to explore risk factors of SHS. The relationship between SHS and PS among Chinese middle school students was subsequently analyzed.
RESULTS
Among the 1955 participants, 1904 middle school students were finally included in the analysis, the effective response rate was 97.39%. The prevalence of SHS was 10.3% (197/1904) while the prevalence of anxiety and depression was 30.7% (585/1904) and 34.1% (649/1904), respectively. A strong correlation was identified between SHS and PS among middle school students. With the aggravation of anxiety and depression, the probability of suffering from SHS increased (both P<0.01). The scores for various dimensions of SHS among the depression and anxiety groups were higher compared to those of the non-depression and non-anxiety groups (all P<0.01 ). Multivariate regression showed that compared with sleeping less than six hours, 6-8 h is a protective factor for SHS (OR = 0.486, 95%CI = 0.278-0.851).
CONCLUSIONS
Attention should be given to SHS and PS in Chinese middle school students, as they are strongly associated. Lack of sleep is a risk factor for SHS, so sufficient sleep should be recommended to prevent it. Identifying additional risk factors and promoting adequate sleep will improve adolescent health.
背景
亚健康状态（SHS）是理想健康和疾病之间的中间状态，其特征是出现健康投诉、全身乏力、免疫力下降和精力不足等症状。越来越多的中国中学生出现心理症状（PS），尤其是焦虑和抑郁。中学生的 SHS 和 PS 之间的关系尚不清楚。本研究旨在调查中国中学生 SHS 的流行情况以及 SHS 与 PS 之间的相关性，并从公共卫生的角度确定 SHS 的相关危险因素。
方法
采用整群抽样方法对中国汕头市的 1955 名中学生进行横断面研究。采用亚健康状态问卷-25 项（SHSQ-25）评估 SHS。采用广泛性焦虑障碍量表（GAD-7）和贝克抑郁自评量表-II 量表（BDI-II）自评问卷评估焦虑和抑郁的 PS。应用变量逻辑分析探讨 SHS 的危险因素。分析中国中学生 SHS 与 PS 的关系。
结果
在 1955 名参与者中，最终有 1904 名中学生纳入分析，有效应答率为 97.39%。SHS 的患病率为 10.3%（197/1904），焦虑和抑郁的患病率分别为 30.7%（585/1904）和 34.1%（649/1904）。中学生 SHS 与 PS 之间存在很强的相关性。随着焦虑和抑郁的加重，患 SHS 的概率增加（均 P<0.01）。在抑郁和焦虑组中，SHS 各维度的得分均高于非抑郁和非焦虑组（均 P<0.01）。多变量回归显示，与睡眠少于 6 小时相比，6-8 小时是 SHS 的保护因素（OR=0.486，95%CI=0.278-0.851）。
结论
应关注中国中学生的 SHS 和 PS，因为它们之间存在很强的相关性。睡眠不足是 SHS 的危险因素，因此应建议充足睡眠以预防 SHS。确定其他危险因素并促进充足睡眠将改善青少年健康。
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