巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州贝洛奥里藏特动物园圈养动物中的 SARS-CoV-2 监测。

SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in captive animals at the belo horizonte zoo, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

机构信息

Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Laboratório de PROTOVET, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

出版信息

Virol J. 2024 Nov 19;21(1):297. doi: 10.1186/s12985-024-02505-9.

DOI:10.1186/s12985-024-02505-9

PMID:39563414

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11575034/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has not only affected humans but also raised concerns about its transmission to wild animals, potentially creating natural reservoirs. Understanding these dynamics is critical for preventing future pandemics and developing control strategies. This study aims to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wild mammals at the Belo Horizonte Zoo in Brazil, analyzing the virus's evolution and zoonotic potential.

METHODS

The study was conducted at the Belo Horizonte Zoo, Minas Gerais, Brazil, covering a diverse population of mammals. Oropharyngeal, rectal, and nasal swabs were collected from 47 captive animals between November 2021 and March 2023. SARS-CoV-2 presence was determined using RT-PCR, and positive samples were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Consensus genomes were classified using Pangolin and NextClade tools, and a maximum likelihood phylogeny was inferred using IQ-Tree.

RESULTS

Of the 47 animals tested, nine (19.1%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Positive samples included rectal, oropharyngeal, and nasal swabs, with the highest positivity in rectal samples. Three genomes were successfully sequenced, revealing two variants: VOC Alpha in a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and a fallow deer (Dama dama), and VOC Omicron in a western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Phylogenetic analysis indicated potential human-to-animal transmission, with animal genomes clustering close to human samples from the same region.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in various wild mammal species at the Belo Horizonte Zoo, emphasizing the virus's zoonotic potential and the complexity of interspecies transmission. The detection of different variants suggests ongoing viral evolution and adaptation in new hosts. Continuous monitoring and genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife are essential for understanding its transmission dynamics and preventing future zoonotic outbreaks. These findings underscore the need for integrated public health strategies that include wildlife monitoring to mitigate the risks posed by emerging infectious diseases.

摘要

背景

由 SARS-CoV-2 引起的大流行不仅影响了人类，还引发了对其传播给野生动物的担忧，这可能会导致野生动物成为自然宿主。了解这些动态对于预防未来的大流行和制定控制策略至关重要。本研究旨在调查巴西贝洛奥里藏特动物园（Belo Horizonte Zoo）的野生动物中是否存在 SARS-CoV-2，分析病毒的进化和人畜共患病潜力。

方法

本研究在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州贝洛奥里藏特动物园进行，涵盖了多样化的哺乳动物种群。在 2021 年 11 月至 2023 年 3 月期间，从 47 只圈养动物采集了口咽、直肠和鼻腔拭子。使用 RT-PCR 确定 SARS-CoV-2 的存在，对阳性样本进行测序进行系统发育分析。使用 Pangolin 和 NextClade 工具对共识基因组进行分类，并使用 IQ-Tree 推断最大似然系统发育。

结果

在接受测试的 47 只动物中，有 9 只（19.1%）检测到 SARS-CoV-2 呈阳性。阳性样本包括直肠、口咽和鼻腔拭子，其中直肠样本的阳性率最高。成功测序了三个基因组，揭示了两种变体：一种在鬃狼（Chrysocyon brachyurus）和一只黇鹿（Dama dama）中为 VOC Alpha，另一种在一只西部低地大猩猩（Gorilla gorilla gorilla）中为 VOC Omicron。系统发育分析表明存在人传动物的可能性，动物基因组与来自同一地区的人类样本聚类密切。

结论

本研究强调了在贝洛奥里藏特动物园的各种野生动物物种中存在 SARS-CoV-2，强调了病毒的人畜共患病潜力和种间传播的复杂性。不同变体的检测表明病毒在新宿主中持续进化和适应。对野生动物中的 SARS-CoV-2 进行持续监测和基因组监测对于了解其传播动态和预防未来的人畜共患疫情至关重要。这些发现突显出需要采取综合公共卫生策略，包括野生动物监测，以减轻新发传染病带来的风险。