视频会诊中的空间、时间与临场感：丹麦全科医疗的一项访谈研究
Space, time, and presence in video consultations: an interview study in Danish general practice.
作者信息
Kofod Frida Greek, Christensen Anne-Marie Søndergaard, Hvidt Elisabeth Assing, Arreskov Anne Beiter, Guassora Ann Dorrit
机构信息
The Research Unit and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Centre for Philosophy of Health, Department of Design, Media and Educational Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
出版信息
BMC Prim Care. 2024 Dec 19;25(1):425. doi: 10.1186/s12875-024-02660-6.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this interview study was to explore patients' and general practitioners' (GPs') experiences of space, time, and presence in video consultation in general practice in Denmark.
METHODS
The study included six GPs and seven patients from the Copenhagen area, with different experience of video consultations. The data consisted of semi-structured interviews with all participants including recordings from their video consultations. The transcribed interviews were analyzed by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The theoretical analysis was inspired by philosopher K.E. Løgstrup's writings about time, space, presence and sensation.
RESULTS
Both the patients and the GPs experienced a lack, or a different form, of presence in video consultations, comparing it to face-to-face consultations. Patients felt more secure in their own homes and the GPs found some of them to be more relaxed during the video consultation than in the face-to-face consultation taking place in the surgery. However, the consultation felt more superficial, with the GPs and patients experiencing an alteration in their sensory access to one another. The video consultation was also perceived as purpose-driven and action-oriented. Both patients and GPs felt that time was saved. According to K.E. Løgstrup, our experience is always composed of spatiality and temporality; the space is where we sense one another and experience duration, while time is the awareness of change and action. The theoretical analysis points to the experience of presence as spatial and, owing to the changed space in video consultations, the experience of presence and time is changed.
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
The balance between space and time is altered in the video consultation. GPs and patients lack certain sensory impressions, owing to the changed spatiality. The changed spatiality, sensation and experiences of presence lead the participants to eliminate the expendable elements to make the consultation more efficient. Video consultations allow some issues to be handled quickly, but the option for physical consultations still needs to be available, as we believe we now can argue that the physical consultation room has importance for the experience of presence and time.
背景
这项访谈研究的目的是探讨丹麦全科医疗中患者和全科医生在视频会诊中的空间、时间和临场感体验。
方法
该研究纳入了来自哥本哈根地区的6名全科医生和7名患者，他们具有不同的视频会诊经验。数据包括对所有参与者的半结构化访谈以及他们视频会诊的记录。对转录后的访谈采用解释现象学分析（IPA）进行分析。理论分析受到哲学家K.E. 勒斯特鲁普关于时间、空间、临场感和感觉的著作的启发。
结果
与面对面会诊相比，患者和全科医生在视频会诊中都体验到了某种程度的缺失或不同形式的临场感。患者在自己家中感觉更安全，全科医生发现其中一些患者在视频会诊中比在诊所进行的面对面会诊时更放松。然而，会诊感觉更肤浅，全科医生和患者体验到彼此之间感官接触的改变。视频会诊也被视为目标驱动和行动导向的。患者和全科医生都觉得节省了时间。根据K.E. 勒斯特鲁普的观点，我们的体验总是由空间性和时间性构成；空间是我们相互感知并体验持续时间的地方，而时间是对变化和行动的意识。理论分析指出临场感体验具有空间性，并且由于视频会诊中空间的改变，临场感和时间的体验也发生了变化。
结论与启示
视频会诊中空间和时间的平衡发生了改变。由于空间性的改变，全科医生和患者缺乏某些感官印象。空间性、感觉和临场感体验的改变促使参与者去除可消耗的元素以使会诊更高效。视频会诊使一些问题能够快速处理，但面对面会诊的选择仍然需要存在，因为我们认为现在可以说实体会诊室对于临场感和时间的体验具有重要意义。
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