Microfluidics for Nanomedicine Delivery.

Nanomedicine is revolutionizing precision medicine, providing targeted, personalized treatment options. Lipid-based nanomedicines offer distinct benefits including high potency, targeted delivery, extended retention in the body, reduced toxicity, and lower required doses. These characteristics make lipid-based nanoparticles ideal for drug delivery in areas such as gene therapy, cancer treatment, and mRNA vaccines. However, traditional bulk synthesis methods for LNPs often produce larger particle sizes, significant polydispersity, and low encapsulation efficiency, which can reduce the therapeutic effectiveness. These issues primarily result from uneven mixing and limited control over particle formation during the synthesis. Microfluidic technology has emerged as a solution, providing precise control over particle size, uniformity, and encapsulation efficiency. In this mini review, we introduce the state-of-the-art microfluidic systems for lipid-based nanoparticle synthesis and functionalization. We include the working principles of different types of microfluidic systems, the use of microfluidic systems for LNP synthesis, cargo encapsulation, and nanomedicine delivery. In the end, we briefly discuss the clinical use of LNPs enabled by microfluidic devices.