性别多样化成年人的回避/限制性食物摄入障碍（ARFID）症状及其与自闭症特征、注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）特征和感官敏感性的关系。
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) symptoms in gender diverse adults and their relation to autistic traits, ADHD traits, and sensory sensitivities.
作者信息
Thomas Kai S, Keating Jennifer, Ross Avalon A, Cooper Kate, Jones Catherine R G
机构信息
School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
Wales Institute of Social and Economic Research and Data, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
出版信息
J Eat Disord. 2025 Feb 17;13(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s40337-025-01215-z.
BACKGROUND
There is emerging evidence to suggest gender diverse people are overrepresented in avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) samples. However, the mechanisms underlying elevated risk for ARFID in this group are currently unknown. Gender diversity and neurodivergence commonly co-occur, with elevated sensory sensitivities reported to be a shared experience common across autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and ARFID. We aimed to examine the unique contribution of sensory sensitivities, including hypo- and hyper-sensitivity, in predicting ARFID symptoms in gender diverse adults, whilst controlling for autistic and ADHD traits.
METHODS
Gender diverse adults (N = 182; 142 assigned female at birth; M age = 28.6 years) in the UK participated in an online survey. We examined correlations between their self-reported ARFID symptoms, sensory sensitivities, autistic traits (not including sensory sensitivities), and ADHD traits whilst controlling for weight and shape concerns. We then used hierarchical multiple regression to investigate the unique contribution of sensory sensitivities to ARFID symptoms whilst controlling for the other neurodivergent traits.
RESULTS
In our gender diverse sample, higher levels of ARFID symptoms were associated with higher levels of sensory sensitivities, autistic traits, and ADHD traits, after controlling for weight and shape concerns. Furthermore, sensory sensitivities, specifically hyper-sensitivity, uniquely predicted levels of ARFID symptoms once we accounted for autistic and ADHD traits.
CONCLUSIONS
When considering neurodivergence, sensory hyper-sensitivities may be particularly relevant to ARFID symptomatology in gender diverse adults. Future research should explore associations between ARFID presentations and sensory sensitivities in large samples of gender diverse adults, to enable separate analyses by gender identity.
背景
越来越多的证据表明，在回避/限制性食物摄入障碍（ARFID）样本中，性别多样化的人群占比过高。然而，该群体中ARFID风险升高的潜在机制目前尚不清楚。性别多样化和神经发育差异通常同时出现，据报道，感觉敏感性升高是自闭症、注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和ARFID共有的一种体验。我们旨在研究感觉敏感性（包括低敏感性和高敏感性）在预测性别多样化成年人的ARFID症状方面的独特作用，同时控制自闭症和ADHD特征。
方法
英国的性别多样化成年人（N = 182；142人出生时被指定为女性；平均年龄 = 28.6岁）参与了一项在线调查。我们在控制体重和体型担忧的同时，研究了他们自我报告的ARFID症状、感觉敏感性、自闭症特征（不包括感觉敏感性）和ADHD特征之间的相关性。然后，我们使用分层多元回归来研究感觉敏感性对ARFID症状的独特贡献，同时控制其他神经发育差异特征。
结果
在我们的性别多样化样本中，在控制体重和体型担忧后，较高水平的ARFID症状与较高水平的感觉敏感性、自闭症特征和ADHD特征相关。此外，一旦我们考虑了自闭症和ADHD特征，感觉敏感性，特别是高敏感性，能够独特地预测ARFID症状的水平。
结论
在考虑神经发育差异时，感觉高敏感性可能与性别多样化成年人的ARFID症状特别相关。未来的研究应该在大量性别多样化成年人样本中探索ARFID表现与感觉敏感性之间的关联，以便能够按性别认同进行单独分析。
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