地中海饮食与长期新冠患者心血管危险因素及代谢综合征的关联：BioICOPER研究

Association of Mediterranean Diet with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and with Metabolic Syndrome in Subjects with Long COVID: BioICOPER Study.

作者信息

Suárez-Moreno Nuria, Gómez-Sánchez Leticia, Navarro-Caceres Alicia, Arroyo-Romero Silvia, Domínguez-Martín Andrea, Lugones-Sánchez Cristina, Tamayo-Morales Olaya, González-Sánchez Susana, Castro-Rivero Ana B, Rodríguez-Sánchez Emiliano, García-Ortiz Luis, Navarro-Matias Elena, Gómez-Marcos Manuel A

机构信息

Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Salamanca Primary Care Management, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), 37005 Salamanca, Spain.

Castilla and León Health Service-SACYL, Regional Health Management, 37005 Salamanca, Spain.

出版信息

Nutrients. 2025 Feb 12;17(4):656. doi: 10.3390/nu17040656.

DOI:10.3390/nu17040656

PMID:40004984

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11858499/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Long COVID has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk and chronic low-grade inflammation, raising concerns about its long-term metabolic consequences. Given that the Mediterranean diet (MD) has shown beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation in various populations, it is important to explore its potential impact on individuals with Long COVID. Therefore, the aim is to determine the association of the MD with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Caucasian subjects diagnosed with Long COVID.

METHODS

Cross-sectional study, 305 subjects diagnosed with Long COVID were included following the WHO criteria. Adherence to MD was evaluated with the MEDAS (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener) with 14 items used in Prevention with Mediterranean Diet study (PREDIMED study). The criteria considered to diagnose MetS were blood pressure, glycemia, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and waist circumference. Other CVRFs considered were tobacco consumption, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, body mass index, and baseline uric acid levels. The association between MD with CVRF and the number and components of MetS was analyzed using multiple regression models and multinomial regression.

RESULTS

The mean age was 52.75 ± 11.94 years (men 55.74 ± 12.22 and women 51.33 ± 11.57; = 0.002), (68% women). The mean of the MEDAS questionnaire was 7.76 ± 2.37. The presented MetS were 23.6% (39.8% men and 15.9% women < 0.001). In the multiple regression analysis, after adjusting for age and average time from acute COVID-19 infection to the date of inclusion in this study, the mean MD score showed a negative association with uric acid (β = -0.295; 95% CI: -0.496 to -0.093), BMI (β = -0.049; 95% CI: -0.096 to -0.002), the number of MetS components (β = -0.210; 95% CI: -0.410 to -0.010), and waist circumference (WC) (β = -0.021; 95% CI: -0.037 to -0.003) and a positive association with HDL cholesterol (β = -0.018; 95% CI: 0.001 to -0.037).

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this study suggest that higher Mediterranean diet scores are associated with lower levels of uric acid, fewer MetS components, smaller waist circumference, and higher HDL cholesterol levels in individuals with Long COVID.

摘要

背景

长期新冠与心血管疾病风险增加及慢性低度炎症有关，引发了对其长期代谢后果的担忧。鉴于地中海饮食（MD）已在不同人群中显示出对心血管危险因素和炎症的有益影响，探讨其对长期新冠患者的潜在影响很重要。因此，本研究旨在确定MD与被诊断为长期新冠的白种人受试者的心血管危险因素（CVRF）和代谢综合征（MetS）之间的关联。

方法

横断面研究，按照世界卫生组织标准纳入305名被诊断为长期新冠的受试者。采用地中海饮食依从性筛查工具（MEDAS）评估MD依从性，该工具包含14项用于地中海饮食预防研究（PREDIMED研究）的项目。诊断MetS的标准为血压、血糖、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和腰围。其他考虑的CVRF包括吸烟、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、体重指数和基线尿酸水平。使用多元回归模型和多项回归分析MD与CVRF以及MetS的数量和组成成分之间的关联。

结果

平均年龄为52.75±11.94岁（男性55.74±12.22岁，女性51.33±11.57岁；P = 0.002），（68%为女性）。MEDAS问卷的平均得分是7.76±2.37。出现MetS的比例为23.6%（男性为39.8%，女性为15.9%；P < 0.001）。在多元回归分析中，在调整年龄和从急性新冠感染到纳入本研究日期的平均时间后，MD平均得分与尿酸（β = -0.295；95%置信区间：-0.496至-0.093）、体重指数（β = -0.049；95%置信区间：-0.096至-0.002）、MetS组成成分数量（β = -0.210；95%置信区间：-0.410至-0.010）和腰围（WC）（β = -0.021；95%置信区间：-0.037至-0.003）呈负相关，与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈正相关（β = -0.018；95%置信区间：0.001至-0.037）。