Beyond a Single Marker: An Update on the Comprehensive Evaluation of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Pulmonary Thromboembolism.

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition that often leads to right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, a key determinant of prognosis and clinical management. Biomarkers play a crucial role in the early detection and risk stratification of RV dysfunction in PE, complementing imaging and hemodynamic assessments. Cardiac troponins, B-type natriuretic peptides, and novel biomarkers, such as heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), provide valuable insights into myocardial injury, overload, and stress. This article explores the clinical possible significance of these biomarkers, their predictive value, and their potential to guide therapeutic strategies in patients with PE. Understanding the role of biomarkers in RV dysfunction assessment may improve patient outcomes focusing on early intervention and personalized treatment approaches.