Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the FAR1-RELATED SEQUENCE (FRS) Gene Family in Grape ( L.).

The FAR1-RELATED SEQUENCE (FRS) family consists of transcription factors derived from transposases, playing crucial roles in plants by mediating processes such as light signaling transduction, hormone response and stress resistance. Despite the ecological and economic importance of grapes, systematic research on FRS genes in this species is limited. In this study, we identified 43 genes, distributed across 13 chromosomes in grape. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted on the VvFRS family members along with Arabidopsis, tomato, and strawberry, resulting in their classification into seven distinct subgroups. Our predictions indicated that most VvFRSs were localized within the nucleus, with predominant secondary structures of α-helices and random coils. Additionally, it was observed that genes within the same subgroup exhibited a similar distribution of conserved motifs. The promoter regions of the gene family harbored multiple cis-elements associated with abiotic stress, hormone response, and light signaling pathways. The RT-qPCR results revealed that the expression levels of genes in subgroups I and IV exhibited the highest abundance in leaves. Certain genes demonstrated significant responsiveness to salt stress and jasmonic acid treatment. This study presents the first comprehensive identification of FRS genes in grape, offers a foundation for further functional studies.