Recent Insights About Probiotics Related Pharmabiotics in Pharmacology: Prevention and Management of Diseases.

The science of pharmacology investigates the effects of drugs on living organisms and vice versa. The frequency of side effects of some drugs used in traditional pharmacological treatment approaches and/or their inability to provide adequate treatment has led to the importance of new drug research and development (R&D) studies. Recently, due to the discovery that some diseases are associated with an imbalanced microbiota (dysbiosis), there has been a surge of interest in therapeutic approaches that can restore balance (biosis) to the microbiota. This review discusses the current status of the pharmabiotic potential of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, paraprobiotics, postbiotics, metabiotics, next-generation probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation; describes their pharmacological functions from gastrointestinal disorders to neurodegenerative diseases; and also discusses the developments in pharmaceutical applications of probiotics and their derivatives.