前苏联8个国家的吸烟流行率：生活条件、生活方式与健康研究结果
Prevalence of smoking in 8 countries of the former Soviet Union: results from the living conditions, lifestyles and health study.
作者信息
Gilmore Anna, Pomerleau Joceline, McKee Martin, Rose Richard, Haerpfer Christian W, Rotman David, Tumanov Sergej
机构信息
European Centre on Health of Societies in Transition, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, England.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 2004 Dec;94(12):2177-87. doi: 10.2105/ajph.94.12.2177.
OBJECTIVES
We sought to provide comparative data on smoking habits in countries of the former Soviet Union.
METHODS
We conducted cross-sectional surveys in 8 former Soviet countries with representative national samples of the population 18 years or older.
RESULTS
Smoking rates varied among men, from 43.3% to 65.3% among the countries examined. Results showed that smoking among women remains uncommon in Armenia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, and Moldova (rates of 2.4%-6.3%). In Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Russia, rates were higher (9.3%-15.5%). Men start smoking at significantly younger ages than women, smoke more cigarettes per day, and are more likely to be nicotine dependent.
CONCLUSIONS
Smoking rates among men in these countries have been high for some time and remain among the highest in the world. Smoking rates among women have increased from previous years and appear to reflect transnational tobacco company activity.
目的
我们试图提供有关前苏联国家吸烟习惯的比较数据。
方法
我们在8个前苏联国家对18岁及以上具有全国代表性的人口样本进行了横断面调查。
结果
在所调查的国家中，男性吸烟率有所不同，从43.3%到65.3%不等。结果显示，在亚美尼亚、格鲁吉亚、吉尔吉斯斯坦和摩尔多瓦，女性吸烟现象仍然不常见（吸烟率为2.4%-6.3%）。在白俄罗斯、乌克兰、哈萨克斯坦和俄罗斯，吸烟率更高（9.3%-15.5%）。男性开始吸烟的年龄明显低于女性，每天吸烟更多，并且更有可能对尼古丁产生依赖。
结论
这些国家男性的吸烟率在一段时间内一直很高，仍然位居世界最高水平之列。女性吸烟率比前几年有所上升，这似乎反映了跨国烟草公司的活动。
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